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id 

iTS EARLY EPISCOPALIAN ISM IN WISCONSIN 

I 

JOURNAL OF AN EPISCOPALIAN MISSIONARY'S TOUR TO GREEN 

BAY, 1834 

BY JACKSON KEMPER, D, D. 
II 

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH AND MIS- 
♦ SIGN IN GREEN BAY, 1825-41 



Edited and annotated by Reuben G. Thwaites, Secretary of the 
Wisconsin Historical Society 



[From Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. XIV] 



MADISON 

Wisconsin State Historical Society 

1898 




Gass F 5 & a 



EARLY EPISCOPALIANISM IN WISCONSIN 

I 

JOURNAL OF AN EPISCOPALIAN MISSIONARY'S TOUR TO GREEN 

BAY, 1834 

BY JACKSON KEMPER, D. D. 
II 

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH AND MIS- 
SION IN GREEN BAY, 1825-41 



Edited and annotated by Reuben G. Thwaites, Secretary of the 
Wisconsin Historical Society 



[From "Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. XIV] 



MADISON 

Wisconsin State Historical Society 

1898 



394 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 



JOURNAL OF AN EPISCOPALIAN MISSIONARY'S TOUR 
TO GREEN BAY, 1834. 



BY JACKSON KEMPER, D.D.' 

1834 July 3d. Started for Green Bay from home soon 
after 9. Conversation with Lownsbury concCerning] Ab- 

1 Jackson Kemper, D. D., was born at Pleasant Valley, Dutchess county, 
N. Y., Dec. 24, 1789. His grandfather (born at Caub, on the Rhine) had 
been an officer in the army of the Palatine, and emigrated to America in 
1741, soon after settling in Dutchess county: his son, Daniel Kemper 
(father of our diarist), was a colonel in the Revolutionary army. The 
future bishop (baptized David Jackson, but later dropping the first name) 
was graduated from Columbia college in 1809, as valedictorian of his class. 
As soon as he had reached the canonical age of 21 (in 1811), he was or- 
dained deacon in Philadelphia, and became assistant to Bishop White, 
having charge of three parishes in that city — a position held till June, 
1831, a period of twenty years; he had been ordained priest in 1814. la 
vacation periods (1812, 1814, 1819, and 1820), he served as border mission- 
ary, doing excellent work for the church in the western parts of Pennsyl- 
vania and Virginia, and eastern Ohio. In June, 1831, he became rector at 
Norwalk, Conn., there losing his second wife (Nov., 1832); his first wife, 
Jerusha Lyman, of Philadelphia, had lived but two years after their mar'- 
riage in 1816; the second, Ann Relf, also of Philadelphia, he married in 
October, 1821 — she left a daughter and two sons. In 1834, he undertook 
for the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church, a trip to Wisconsin, to report on the establishment 
founded by Rev. Richard F. Cadle, the record of which is contained in the 
present journal. At the general convention of the American church, in 
1835, Dr. Kemper was elected its first missionary bishop, his field being 
the "Northwest," out of which have since been formed the dioceses of 
Missouri, Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. 
Early in the winter of 1835, he reached St. Louis, which was his headquar- 
ters — he can scarcely be said at that time to have had a home, and indeed 
throughout much of the remainder of his life he wandered far and wide 



1 834-] Kemper's tour to gr?:en bay. 395 

bott. at New York (say 55 miles) by 2. at Dr. Milnor's ' 
met Van Pelt ^ at Swords. Reed from Blake letters etc & 
a bundle for the Cadles. Started at 5 in Ohio crowded 
boat — introduced to Col. Stone & wife, ed. of N. York 
Commercial. Saw Rev Mr Nichols at boat. Poor berth — 
little sleep — bad arrangement of captain 

4. Boots cleaned very near us. at 2 oc[lock] — little boy 
dressed up in full costume of ahighlander. At Albany, 145 

upon his laborious mission; " his saddle-htags contained his worldly goods, — 
his robes, his communion service, his Bible, and his prayer-book." He 
removed his headquarters to Wisconsin in the autumn of 1844, purchasing 
lands adjacent to the newly-founded church institution at Nashotah; here, 
in a humble cottage, he gathered his children to him, the first time since 
the old home had been broken up in 1832. In 1854, he was elected bishop 
of Wisconsin, but still insisted on remaining a missionary, and for four 
years thereafter traveled much in Indian Territory and Kansas. He died 
May 24, 1870, in the Slat year of his age, and was deeply mourned by his 
people throughout the country, especially in the West. 

In publishing the diary of Dr. Kemper, on his visit to Wisconsin in 
1834, — previous to his consecration as missionary bishop of the North- 
west, — we have deemed it best to eliminate some portions as being of too 
private a nature for publication here; otherwise, however, the journal is 
given exactly as in the original note-book before us. The entries were 
written in lead pencil, now somewhat blurred in pjlaces, and evidently al- 
ways in a hurry — hence the numerous contractions and often jerky style; 
but despite these, this journal is of great value as a contemporaneous pict- 
ure of the times, and forms an interesting contribution to the existing ma- 
terial for Wisconsin history. All of the bishop's journals, covering a 
jjeriod from 1834 to about 1850, are the property of his daughter, Mrs. 
Elizabeth Kemper Adams, of Nashotah, who has temporarily deposited 
the most of them in the archives of this Society. We hope, in later vol- 
umes of these Collections, to present further installments thereof. In the 
NuHhotah Sf^holiuHt, Dec, 1883-July, 1884, were published such ex- 
tracts from the Kemper diaries (years 1841-49) as touched upon the begin- 
nings of Nashotah; in the same journal, Oct., 1884-June, 1885, were 
given extracts covering some of the bishop's missionary trips in the south- 
west (1837-38). The present journal of 1834 has not heretofore been 
printed. — Ed. 

' Rev. James Milnor, D. D., of New York, one of the trustees of the Do- 
mestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 
He was Kemper's companion on this trip. — Ed. 

2 Rev. Peter Van Pelt, secretary of the D. & F. M. Society. — Ed 



396 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. XIV. 

miles by 7 oc[lock] breakfast at Crittendens, Eagle tav- 
ern. Started at 9 in railroad cars 15 miles to Schenectady 
at i past 10 Gen. Stevenson & Major Tuttle on car. 15 
miles. Waited here some time & then started in a stage 
most heavily loaded with mail bags — with Major Kirby of 
Brownsville, Prof. Beauford of West Point & Mr [George 
W.] Lay & wife of Batavia, member of Congress 

7 started at ^ past 4 — this an uninteresting country — 

a poor breakfast at Genesee falls miles — then^ 

miles to Geneva on its beautiful lake. Canandaigua lake 
yet more beautiful. Cayuga & Geneva lakes 40 miles long 
Mr Lay's statements of slavery in the district — 3 Tal- 
booths, he implored to purchase a man & his family. A 

rich man 7 miles from Washington 

* * * * * *'* * 

sale of slaves — of own children — of dgs [daughters] for 
licentiousness — Plummers purchase Afternoon very hot. 
Mrs Davis from Liberia in stage — her story doubtful. Mr 
Snow & two ladies. Heard that Goold Hoyt & family at 
Avon, arrived at Le Roy near 8 ocClock]. 

8 Started early from Le Roy Story of Mrs. Davis not 
very consistent — the landlord refused to take any money 
for her. 

An inhabitant of Le Roy in the stage with us who af- 
firmed that the Jackson, but not Jackson Van Buren party 
was increasing in his & the neighboring counties. He 
thinks the opposition to the Bank in this part of the State 
is likewise on the increase 

10 Slept but little last night, owing I think to pain in 
the stomach from drinking too much water in consequence 
of the heat. Rose early & wrote to Lilly, Jane,' & Ingra- 
liim for whom I will leave 8 dollars to be laid out in 

iDr. Kemper's three motherless children, Elizabeth (then aged 10), Sam- 
uel (aged 7), and Lewis (aged 5), were at Norwalk, Conn., in charge of 
their maternal grandmother, Mrs. Relf . Elizabeth is referred to in the diary 
by the pet names, " Lill " and " Lilly; " she now resides at Nashotah, the 
widow of Rev. Dr. William Adams, one of the founders of Nashotah House. 
Samuel Relf Kemper is now living in Milwaukee. Rev. Lewis Ashhurst 



i834'] kemper's tour to green bay. 397 

specimens & an herbarium for the children. Called after 
breakfast on Rev Mr Shelton & at the post office, but no 
letter. We started at 9 in the Michigan,' 470 tons built 
at Detroit & made there except the cylinders, travels gen- 
erally 12 miles per hour, but today, owing to head wind 
did not go so fast. Has two engines each 80 horse power. 
Dr. M[ilnor] & I have berths No 1 & 2, we each pay to Green 
Bay 25 dollars. An upper deck extends the whole length 
of the boat affording a fine promenade. The boat is by no 
means crowded, about ^ are steerage passengers. The 
meals are very good, there was no drinking at table 
or sitting after dinner was over. Dinner at 1 «& tea at 5. 
About 6 we stopt at Erie & landed a few passengers. The 
light houses & harbour. The place appears inferior to B. 
[Buffalo]. We have on board Mr & Mrs Wadsworth & Miss 
Fisher, Gov Clark,- Gen Ashley^ of St Louis & lady, Mr 
& Mrs [Daniel] Whitney of Green Bay, the Drs nephew, 
Hoffman, St. Clair, Murray of New York, Dr. Beaumont* 

Kemper, D. D., died in 1886. Col. Daniel Kemper, father of our diarist, 
was then living at New Brunswick, N. J., with his two unmarried daugh- 
ters, Jane and Eliza; the former is the " Jane " here referred to. — Ed. 

' The same boat on which Captain Marryat sailed, three years later. See 
ante, p. 137, tiofe. — Ed. 

2 Gen. William Clark, brother of George Rogers Clark, and associated 
with Capt. Merriwether Lewis in the Rocky Mountain expedition of 1804. 
At this time (1834) he was superintendent of Indian affairs at St. Louis. 
He died in 1838.— Ed. 

3 Gen. William H. Ashley (born about 1778, died 1838) had been an en- 
terprising fur-trader, who in 1822 organized a company of 300 men which 
conducted trade with the Indians of the Rocky Mountains. He retired 
with a fortune, and at this period (1834) represented Missouri in con- 
egress. — Ed. 

* Dr. William Beaumont was an army surgeon. While stationed at 
Mackinac in 1822, he was called to treat a young man named Alexis St. 
Martin, who had received a gunshot wound in his left side. The wound 
healed, but there remained a fistulous opening into the stomach, two and 
a half inches in diameter, through which Beaumont could watch the pro- 
cess of digestion. His experiments regarding the digestibility of different 
kinds of foods, and the properties of the gastric juice, were continued 
through several years— indeed, until Beaumont's death (1853); but the 



398 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. XIV. 

&c. Dr. B. states the natural temperature of stomach to 
be 100. His description of his patient & the interior of 
his stomach. Mrs. A. a descendent of Pocahontas. The 
Holland land company purchased Rob [ert] Morris' preemp- 
tion right ^ to 3^ miles of acres, being the N. W. corner of 
the State — belonged to Senecas, which include Cattaragus, 
Buffalos &c. A black eagle on board as large as a turkey 
& only a month old. A band of music. Brilliant sunset. 
New Moon & venus. Water ruffled all day, but now very 
quiet. Appearance of deck in the evening. The band 
consists of six Learnt the other day from Major Kirby 
that he knows of two most promising officers & good 
scholars, who were the sons of privates, taken up & pre- 
pared by officers & then sent to West Point This fact is a 
proof that it is not an aristocratic institution. ■ Buffalo had 
9 years ago 6,000, now 12,000 inhabitants. Chautauqua- 
Lake 15 miles from Dunkirk is 726 feet above lake Erie. 

11. I find there is already a map of Chicago. There is 
to be on the British side of the falls a city to be called the 
City of the Falls. We have on board about 60 cabin & 70 
steerage passengers — the latter have the full privilege of 
the decks, there are among them several families with 
children — all of them slept on the deck. I walked thro 
them after 10 oc[lock] They pay 1.00 to Detroit & find 
themselves. This morning at i past 4 we left Fairport on 
Grand river where we were detained some time taking on 
wood. I slept but little, the rolling or rather pitching of 
the boat & the constant jar caused by the machinery near 
to wh[ich] our berths are kept me awake or at least caused 
me often to rouse up. 

Conversed with Gen Ashley he was anxious a strip of 

first publication of results was made in 18.33, and at once gave Beaumont 
an international reputation among scientists. Through several years, 
Beaumont (who resigned from the army in 1839) was stationed at Fort 
Crawford, where many of his experiments were conducted. — Ed. 

^For particulars of the disposition of " Morris's Reserve," see Turner's 
History of the Holland Purchase (Buffalo, 1850), pp. 396 et seq.— Ed. 



1 834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 399 

land say 30 miles wide sh[oul]d separate the Indians in their 
new settlements from the whites, this has not been done 
& the settlers are already doing injury — he hopes it still 
may be. All the Indians S of the Missouri & W of the 
Miss are if possible to be gathered there, that at least is 
the design of Government. Gen A. has never been to the 
Pacific, but to the great salt lake between the Colorado of 
the West wh[ich] empties into the Gulf of California & the 
Columbia. Many rivers pour into the salt lake. West of 
it for 80 miles the land is barren & encrusted with salt. 
The Buffalo are not yet so far W. In Gen Clarks times 
(his travels, he is now on board a stout, white haired man) 
they had not reached the Rocky Mountains. 80 miles from 
Salt lake is a chain of mountains covered almost the whole 
year with snow. The Gen[eral] had in that country 200 
hunters & 700 horses The most valuable skin is the beaver 
Some of the hunters have been in that country 9 years & 
will never return There small tribes of Indians are to be 
found. Some are very remarkable, living on roots, going 
naked &c for instance the black feet. Ashleys company do 
not purchase from the Indians but obtain the skins by their 
own hunting. In August 3 men & 7 horses loaded with 
hay &c crossed the mountains spoken of & were almost 
starved ; 4 of the horses died & the stout men & the rest of 
the horses were reduced to skeletons. 

At Cleveland after breakfast walked thro the town, de- 
livered letters went to the Canal wh[ich] commences here. 
This place increasing rapidly. Now perhaps 3000 in- 
ha[bitant]s, doubled in 2 or 3 yrs. The trade of the lake 
has increased 15 fold in the last 6 years. No good har- 
bours on this lake. This, & Buffalo, Erie & Huron arti- 
ficial. 

Dr Beaumont on board — his book, bot it at Cleveland 

At Huron between 3 & 4, a small & very new place, but 
increasing 

Looked over our papers. We shall have much to do. 
Whitney on board has at least kind feelings towards Wil- 



400 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv, 

liams/ & thinks the school shd not be removed from Green 
Bay & that it is near enough to the Indians 

Talked with Gen Clark concerning his Tour, 30 yrs since, 
when Louisana was ceded to U. S. Talked with Mrs. A 
concCerning] Chaderton & religion. Does not know C. but 
respects him — has a pew in his ch. Spoke well of Howly. 

My map very good & much used. At Huron went S. 
part of lake, then came to bay of Sandusky, Croghans scene 
of victory.^ Then nearly N, W. passed Cunningham's 
Island, then 3 Bass Islands, in the S of wh is put in Bay 
where Perry was when he heard the British had sailed. 
Then the 3 sisters, near the middle of wh the Battle took 
place. ^ Beautiful sunset but not so brilliant as last night. 
Emotions of awe, gratitude & praise. Approaching De- 
troit river. Many of those who thought of going on will 
leave us at Detroit. A son of Charles King, an engineer 
on board from Cleveland, intelligent. Maumee river near 
the end of the lake. Expect to be at Detroit at midnight. 
Care of the sick Englishman a coppersmith, gave him 1.00 

12 I walked the deck again last night & saw the people 
sleeping there but not so many as the night before. About 
11 oc[lock] the boat arrived at Detroit & was immediately 
visited by many of its inhabitants, the meeting of friends 
was loud & boistrous & much drinking apparently & some 
swearing took place. I was in my first slumber & was 
greatly disturbed. At half past 3 I again awoke in conse- 
quence of loud talking. The river appeared about a mile 

^ Eleazer Williams, who in 1826 had been admitted to deacon's orders in 
the P. E. church, and was at this time serving as missionary to the Oneida 
Indians, under license from the D. & F. M, Society. He was, however, 
looked upon askance by many of the officers of the church. This was serv- 
eral years before Williams posed as the dauphin of France. For a clear 
and conclusive account of Williams's singular career, see Wright's "Eleazer 
Williams," Parkman Club Pubs., i, pp. 133 et seq. — Ed. 

2 Aug. 1 and 2, 1813, Col. George Croghan gallantly defended Fort Ste- 
phenson, at Lower Sandusky, against a superior force under the British 
General Proctor. — Ed. 

^ Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's celebrated victory at Put-in-bay was 
won Sept. 15, 1813.— Ed. 



l834-] KEMPER's TOUR TO GREEN BAY. 4OI 

wide, two steam ferry boats are constantly crossing & re- 
crossing, the banks were bold, perhaps 20 feet high. 
Learnt from Gov Clarke that Gen Rullon' on board & now 
an inhabitant of St. Louis, was born & brot up near De- 
troit, & in the last war had his wife & children mur- 
dered by the Indians. This is his first visit here for 18 
yrs. Gov C. thinks Hull was not a coward but was afraid 
for the peoples sake of the cruelty of the Indians. Many 
however think Hull was overcome by fear. Mr. Whipple 
says he knows he turned pale while the tobacco juice ran 
out of both corners of his mouth when the force of the 
enemy was mentioned. 

After breakfast Dr. M. & myself walked to Mr. Searles,^ 
who reed us very aff [ab]ly. He keeps bachelors hall and has 

two men servants. We walked out with him to Judge 

Mr. [John] Biddies, Trowbridges, the cathedral, Pres min- 
ister. Major Whitney, Norvels &c. Mr. [Charles C.J 
Trowbridge, Mr. Whittier, [John] Norvel &c called upon 
us. Saw Mr. [Stevens T.] Mason Sec. of Territory & act- 
ing Gov in consequence of death of Gov [George B.] Por- 
ter buried last week. A long broad street forms the prin- 
cipal part of the town. 6 yrs. ago it had 2500 inhbs, now 6 
[thousand]. Value of property & no [number] inhabs in- 
creasing rapidly. Founded in 1607,^ improved however but 
little until lately. The inhabs quite polished. The ch[urch] 
is enlarging & now cannot be used. All we have seen speak 
highly of Cadle* & were delighted with Bp Mcllvaines^ visit. 

1 Apparently John Ruland, who was a Detroit volunteer under Governor 
Cass, in 1814.— Ed. 

2 Rev. Addison Searle was then rector of St. Paul's church, the first P. E. 
parish in Detroit. — Ed. 

^ A slip on the part of our diarist. Detroit was established by Cadillac 
in 1701. See ante, p. 9. — Ed. 

Rev. Richard Fish Cadle, whose missionary establishment at Green 
Bay, Kemper and Milnor were going to inspect and report upon, had or- 
ganized the parish of St. Paul's in Detroit, Nov. 22, 1824, and remained in 
charge until June, 1828, when he left because of failing health, and as- 
sumed the care of the Green Bay mission. — Ed. 

*Dr. C. P. Mcllvaine, bishop of Ohio.— Ed. 
26 



402 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

Saw some Potawatamies, a few were gaily dressed & painted, 
but most of them looked wretched & poorly clothed. We 
dined with Mr. Searle & took tea with Mr. Trowbridge. 
Politeness & hospitality with city manners are evident 
every where. Rode up & down the river saw some ancient 
mounds, had a beautiful view of the city & went to Pontiac's 
or bloody bridge.^ The Indians we saw live on the Ameri- 
can side but go over occasionally to Maiden to receive pres- 
ents. The french Canadians do not change their habits. 
Their farms consist of long strips of land thus enabling 
them to reside near each other in case of danger. The 
E[oman] Cath[olic]s are making great efforts here with 
respect to colleges & schools. They have a B[isho]p & 8 or 
^9 clergy. A lady says 13 years ago she saw one of their 
processions — but they do not take place now — ^it was the 
rFete de Dieu.- Dr. M says that in France the farms are 
long and narrow with no fences or hedges dividing them 
or even securing them from the road. A traveller told Dr. 
M. he once saw an old woman tending a goose, while it 
was feeding. 

There is a beautiful wide straight street called Jefferson 
parallel with banks of the river where most of the houses 
are to be found. 

13 Sunday. This day has been very warm, particularly 
during the afternoon. "We returned to the boat last eveng 
soon after 9 oc[lock] & I took the first opportunity of going 
to bed. But I am told the boat did not start until near morn- 
ing. We passed thro Detroit river into St. Clair Lake & 
then entered St Clair river & stopt soon after 9 at the 
Warner Hotel of W. Hall for wood. Here we were detained 
some hours & in the mean time we had Public Worship in 
the Gents Cabin, I read all the service omiting the Articles 
on account of the few who assisted us & the heat, & Dr. M 

^ See Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac, i, pp. 310 et seq., for description 
of the fight, July 31, 1763, at the bridge over Parent's Creek, ever since 
called Bloody Run. — Ed. 

- For account of French Creole life at Detroit, consult Hubbard's Jfe- 
morials of a half century (N. Y., 1887). — Ed. 



1 834-] KEMFER's TOUR TO GREEN BAY. 4O3 

preached. The R. C. Bp. Rese' was on board but neither 
he nor the R. Cs attended our Service. Indeed I think 
that many who would call themselves Prot[estant]s ab- 
sented themselves. The River St. Clair has many clear- 
ings & houses on both its banks, wh are rather level — -the 
land on the American side is said to be the best. We passed 
one or two log villages, one a country town of Michigan. 
The current as we approached Lake Huron became strong 
& at the extreme of the lake is said to be 7 miles in an 
hour. On the British side about a mile below fort Gratiot 
we passed a Missionary establishment erected within two 
years by the British Gov[ernment]. Major Forsyth- says 
for the benefit of the Chippeways. There were log huts 
along the bank for the residence of the parents, a large 
school house, tesjchers residence &c. The Rev Mr Jones 
is the superintendent. Fort Gratiot has 2 comps of in- 
fantry under Major Hoffman,^ whose wife & youngest 
son about 7 came on board. Mrs. H. goes with us to Mac- 
anaw to visit a married dg[daughter] — she looks old and 
has it is said 12 or 14 childn — her husband has spent his 
life in the army. There was no appearance of cannon at 
the fort — the buildgs were enclosed with palasadoes & 
white washed. The flag was flying. We stopt in the 
stream & sent our boat ashore. Here the rapid current, 
the fort, entrance into the Bay &c presented a beautiful 
view. We could not on account apparently of the heat get 
the people to request a sacred service. We have now 120 
cords of wood & some coal wh will not do much more than 
carry us to Mac. 240 Miles. This boat requires 100 cords 
wood from Buffalo to Detroit. We now do not expect to 
stop until we reach Mac, & when opposite Saganaw Bay, 
tonight, we shall be out of sight of land. Major F. has 

^Frederick Res^, newly-appointed bishop of the R. C. diocese of Mich- 
igan Territory; he was on his way to visit the church at Green Bay. See 
frequent references to him, ante, in documents relating to the Green Bay 
Catholic church. — Ed. 

2 Maj. Robert A. Forsyth, army paymaster. — Ed. 

^Brev. Maj. William Hoffman of the 2d infantry. — Ed. 



404 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

examined my Canada Map & pronounces it very incorrect 
with respect to the neighbourhood of Mac & Green Bay. 
There are two Potawatomie chiefs on board dressed pretty 
much like english servants (a little livery). All the lands 
of the Pots are sold to gov. & they are under obligation to 
remove beyond the Miss within 5 yrs of the signing of 
their treaty. But some who are R. C. [Roman Catholics] 
are [going] with the Bp. to examine the land at Arbre 
Crux [I'Arbre Croche] ^ & have permission from Gov. to 
settle here if they choose. The Leopold foundation it is 
said sent 25, 000 [dollars] to Ohio & 20,000 to Michigan - Bp. 
R has enlarged his Cathedral an odd looking cupola with 5 
porches & is to build a college 3 miles above Detroit. They 
have a nunnery & opened last winter a school with public 
promises of not interfering with the religious principles of 

Prots. Many Episc[opalian]s sent their children. 

^t * ** * * «• * 

Dr M's story of Capt Kerr & the Abbott in Spain. Lent 
some books of a religious nature. Gen. [Hugh] Brady on 
board. An intelligent amiable man. Has a company in 
Maine, 2 at Gratiot others at Mao & the Saut [Ste Marie] — 
visits them yearly. Lives at Detroit. 

14. "We had a beautiful eveng last night, the moon about 
a week old. No clouds, venus bright, the air cool. Soon 
after entering the Lake, indeed from fort Gratiot, the 
steam was put on & we travelled at the rate of 12 miles an 
hour. One man appeared to be constantly employed in 
pouring water on the beams &c sometimes with a hose, & 
then with a buckpt, & sometimes oil to keep them cool & 
make them work well. Went to bed with some anxiety 
from fire, slept badly, rose at 4, on deck soon, no land to 
be seen, approach Saginaw bay 60 miles deep & where a 
wind is almost always felt, but now we had nothing par- 

^ Now Harbor Springs, Mich., where the Franciscans have a strong In- 
dian schooL — Ed. 

2 Father Francois Hatscher, who was on his way to Green Bay about 
this time, was a priest of the Congregation of St. Leopold. See his state- 
ment of the purposes of the association, ante, pp. 189, 190.— Ed. 



i834-] Kemper's TOUR to green bay. 405 

ticular. Came to thunder bay isle on wh there is a light 
house, supposed to be 75 miles from any dwelling. Sev- 
eral passengers on board has often passed here but never 
heard thunder. Here we were soon after breakfast. The 
day most beautiful. The mirage or looming, often in this 
lake. It is supposed by it we saw the Canada shore say 
40 miles off. Gen. Brady says he has seen that distance 
by it. Reed from J Milnor a present of an Indian orna- 
ment for a female from near [the] Cap[tain's] old house in 
Detroit on the spot (Forsyth says) where there was for- 
merly a Wyandott village. Supposed to have belonged to 
a woman who was burned 200 years ago. It a species of 
red soap stone obtained from the neutral ground near the 
head waters of the Miss[issippiJ or west thereof. Ex- 
[amined] Fowler's Map of Michigan, published in 31 at 
Albany much better than mine. Gen. Ashley's story of 
his voyage down the Colorado in skin canoes with 5 men — 
his meeting with his 100 &c — then ran ground his re- 
turn — attacked when with 20 he went after his buried 
Beaver skins & lost 50 out of 52 horses. These stolen by 
the Black feet. The attempt of the Crows to steal horses, 
2 killed — make peace — smoke with the dying man. His 
safety on the waters of the Colorado with 5 — his manner 
of going amoDg them — their honesty — Ward from Marion 
hotel with us — a yankee — his voyage to N York — his 
voyages to Green Bay — with us as a pilot. Dr Beaumont's 
map of Fox & Wisconsin rivers. Forsyth was with Cap up 
Lake Superior. The country is very barren. 

About noon we passed the Ohio steam boat which left 
Wards 13 hours before us. It is now ascertained that the 
water is not deep enough to permit our boat to go to the 
Saut. Some on board hope to get the Ohio to take them 
there tomorrow. There is I am told a tide at Green Bay,' 
but the general opinion is, there is no tide on these lakes. 

' See Wis. Jfi.xf. Colls., i, p. 62; vi, p. 169; vii, pp. 230, 267. Cf. also, 
Grossman's Chart shoiving fluctuations of tvater surface, etc., /rom 
1859 to 1888 (Milwaukee, n. d.).— Ed. 



406 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

Some think the waters gradually rise & then fall. The 
lowness of the water towards the Saut is not accounted for. 

The distance from Green Bay to fort Winnebago is 215 
miles — then a portage of 1^ takes you to the Wisconsin, 
Major Forsyth went from Green Bay to Prairie du Chien 
in a boat with a good oarsman in 9 days. 

The gen[eral] Government is now making 5 roads from 
Detroit thro' different parts of the Territory. 

Many appear to doubt whether Chichago will be as great 
as often asserted. 

It was at Fort Gratiot the colera burst out with great 
fury among the army Gen Scott was leading from New 
York two years ago against Black Hawk' 

Lieut. Barnum's ^ story of the Creek whose father was 
guide to Jackson in the Seminole war. Graduated well at 
West Point, reed a commission — had a furlo to visit his 
friends — returnd at once to the dress & manners of a 
savage. Became a drunkard; & altho many young officers 
in his neighbourhood sought to reclaim him they do never 
meet him altho being but a few miles from their fort 

It was the Eutaws who treated Gen Ashley with so much 
kindness 

Ferry^ in perplexity at the Macanaw school concerning a 
female. Very few full bloods in that school 

At Mac but few mails in the winter. A man walked last 
winter from the Saut to Detroit on the borders of the Lake 
& in most places where the ice was overflowed 6 or 8 
inches. He walked with the mail carrier say 25 miles a 
day. They encamped at night on land — built a fire, 
cooked — dried their fuel — & took no cold. 

1 See Wis. Hist. Colls., xii, p. 261.— Ed. 

* Ephraim K. Barnum was at that time a captain in the 2d infantry. — Ed. 

' Rev. William Montague Ferry organized a Presbyterian church on 
Mackinac island, in 1822, which later developed into a mission school. 
After suffering many trials and disappointments, he was released from 
service Aug. 6, 1834, at once settling at Grand Haven, Mich, — his being 
the first white family at that place. He died Dec. 30, 1867. See Williams's 
The old mission church of Mackinac island (Detroit, 1895). — Ed. 



i834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 407 

When ten miles from Mac we were opposite a fine large 
light house on Blois blanc island. Mac Is & round isl were 
in view, about 4 oc[lock] 

The R C school at arbre de croix Capt Ward says is the 
best establishment of that people in this country. They 
have a village on a large bay, no whites living among 
them — are sober, honest, civil, & observe the Sabbath. 
He has spent 2 or 3 Sundays there. About 40 miles from 
Mac on mainland, towards Green Bay 

Gen Ash [ley] made an estimate last summer. 315 steam 
boats on waters of Miss averaging 200 tons (some 600) 
averaging 25 trips per season & with other craft carrying 
2,000,000 tons of goods. One steamer that was lost near 
the Ohio had a cargo valued 350,000 dollars (had the beaver 
skins from St. Louis for that year) 

Ward in his trip to N Y took some things from Greenbay. 
His return load 70 tons but was too large for the vessel. 
Could not carry a full load or go quick. From his home 
to N Y & back again was 2 Mos. 

Nearly all our immense load of wood is gone already. 

With colours flying & music playing we entered the har- 
bor of Mac. All was novel & interesting. The village 
near the water, the tents of the voyagers, the lodges of 
chippeways & otawas, the fort half way up the hill & the 
highest peak on wh is fort Holmes in ruins. The wharf was 
crowded with various people, particularly voyagers & In- 
dians. We accompanied Gen. Brady to the fort by a steep 
ascent, entered the barracks, & passed on to the highest 
ground where is the old fort. Stopped in going up a skull 
cave, took a piece of the rock & collected some flowers. 
The view most beautiful. The fort below & its cannons & 
white barracks, round isld & bois blanc & the penin- 
sular &c, the Ohio coming into the harbour &c. Went 
with Mr [Robert] Stuart of Amer Fur Com to Mission 
House & conversed with Mr Ferry. Been here 11 yrs — has 
bad 110 pupils, now to be reduced to 40 or 50. Cost of build- 
ing 5000. Shd have a steward. Has one male & one female 
teacher. Chid shd not be old[er] than from 10 to 12 when 



408 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

they come to the Mission. Mission has been beneficial — 
about 23 xans [Christians] are now establishing Mission 
families & day schools not boarding ones among na- 
tive villages. Can now do it in consequence of beneficial 
effects of their Mission. Have had a tailor, shoemaker, 
carpenter, blacksmith & farrier — cook, washwoman, &c. 
Thinks the plan of both our schools necessary at beginning. 
May now do otherwise — at least they can. He invited us 
to breakfast tomorrow — is a good looking and interesting 
man. Going to the school examined lodge of Chippeways 
& a bark canoe. 

15. When we returned to the boat last night, some of 
our folks were dancing on the upper deck & some were 
playing cards in the cabin. We rose early this morning 
& found the boat lying off in the stream, the wharf being too 
insecure to afford protection in case of stormy weather. 
The water of the lake is exceedingly clear — we can see 4 
fathom & a large white substance might be seen 7 or 8 
fathom deep. We went to the Mission house soon after 6 
& found Mr P ready to recive us. Ex[amined] the whole 
establishment & found every thing simple plain & well ar- 
ranged. 150 have been accomodated in the house, wh con- 
sists of two houses connected by a low narrow one. The 
children sleep two or three in a bed — the boys in one 
room & the girls in another. The teachers have a parlour 
to themselves, 2 or 3 in a bed room &c. We saw the whole 
at breakfast in one room at several tables. There was a 
tailors room, a shoe makers, a kitchen, a medicine room, a 
store room &c. The 2 school rooms are in the basement 
story of the ChCurchJ. The Gov[ernment] has given land, 
a farm &c & now allows 300 & formerly 500 Dolls. Mr F's 
fam[ilyj appear to occupy the right home — they have 5 
chid — she appears to be a judicious woman. Mrs. John- 
son, wife of an officer at the Saut breakfasted with us. 
She considers the Saut dreary — there is there a methodist, a 
baptist (Mr Bingham ') Missionary among the natives, & who 

^ Rev. Abel Bingham; he was at Sault Ste. Marie as early as 1831. See 
Davidson's Unnamed Wisconsin, p. 152. — Ed. 



1 834-] kemper's tour to green bay. 409 

officiate at the fort -where there are 2 comps. Bible Classes 
both at Mac & the Saut are held among the soldiers. At 
the Saut the mercury often freezes. Here peas are not 
yet ripe — potatoes in season are very fine & the best crop 
the island yields. There are 1 or 2 good farms, & good 
winter apples are produced. The opinion appears to be 
that Cadle was authorized to do what he did, & if he had 
treated the indictment with contempt the difficulty wld 
soon have been over.' The expense of this mission was 
say 3500 now less, say 2500. 

We went to the barracks & saw Gen Brady review 2 
comps under Major (we brot the report of his being a Col) 

Whissler ^ & Capt Kantz ^ & Capt . The comps about 52 

men each — 5 mus[icians] in all — good in tactics. The 
Gen ex[aminedj every gun, & cartridge box & invited us to 
attend him in the inspection — we did so — & then went to 
the soldiers qrs, examined their beds, knapsacks &c. The 
rooms were perfectly neat, with flowers &c in them for the 
occasion. Saw the bread wh looked excellent, the kitchen, 
the utensils thereof, the medical department, &c. Went to 
the Majors & took a glass of wine — declined inspecting the 
provisions & went to see the Arched Kock under the guid- 
ance of Mr. Stuart an old Canadian gentleman & took with 
us Morris & his sister & Porter. It is most beautiful, near 
the shore, perhaps 100 feet high & 30 wide, forming a very 
correct arch — with a small one connected with it at right 
angles. We then went to Sugar loaf rock, a lofty rock in 
the middle of a plain calcareous (all the island is limestone) 
with holes, & caves some feet deep — tapers to a narrow 

' S>eeposf, p. 419, note 4, for statement of the origin of this trouble at 
the Green Bay mission. — Ed. 

^ William Whistler's commission as lieutenant-colonel of the 7th infan- 
try was dated July 21, 1834. Whistler (as major of 2d infantry) had been 
commandant at Fort Howard, and to him Red Bird had surrendered in 1827. 
See numerous references to him in Wis. Hist. Colls. — Ed. 

^ An error for John Clitz, captain in the 2d infantry. The other company 
commander at the fort was Captain Barnum, one of our diarist's fellow 
passengers. — Ed. 



410 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

ridge, & perhaps 75 feet perpendicular or almost so. In 
Scull cave wh we visited last night Harvey a British soldier 
saved a chief from the Massacre of old Mac in '63 wh was 
taken by the ball stratagem/ was hid 14 days, 3 of wh 
while the chief was drunk, he was left without food. This 
island is peculiarly romantic. The lodges we visited last 
night were of mats — saw in one of them a pappoose tied 
to a board. We returned to the shore our boat was gone 
to the mainland for wood, & Dr Beaumont & Gen Ashley 
had sailed in the Ohio for Chicago wi-Thout our having an 
opportunity of bidding them good by, wh I regret. We 
dined at the little hotel in the place & I bot some Indian 
curiosities for the children, & secured some specimens of 
the stones & flowers of the Island. Before returning from 
our walk we went to a bluff near fort Holmes from whence 
we had a fine view of the Sugar loaf on the plain & of the 
lake & surrounding islands. In the afternoon about 4^ our 
boat having' returned we started on a beautiful, clear, & 
comparatively cool day for Green Bay the distance of 180 
miles. Ward continues our pilot. Had a farewell & most 
enchanting look of Mac, its hills, fort, antique village & 
cannons & lodges. Passed 20 miles from Mac, a floating 
vessel as a light house & entered Michigan Bay. Saw 
Beaver island &c. The BCisho] p continues with us & we have 
Capt Klitz, [and] a cong[regational] clergyCman] going 
for a few months to the Stockbridges on the Fox about 17 
miles above Green Bay &c. Saw at Mac Judge [J. D.] 
Doty who is there to hold a court. Reed attention from Mr 
Stuart an agent of the Fur Com of Astor wh has lately 
been sold to a new com. Mrs Stuart says she knows my 
sisters — her name was Sullivan. A trout wh sometimes is 
as large as 70 lbs & the white fish about 7 lbs frequently 
met with here. Old Mr Stuart introduced the subject of Mr 
Ferry's late difficulties wh it appears took place last winter 
& tho believing Mr F an innocent man considers his useful- 
ness at an end. We saw Miss Skinner & I considered her 

^ See ante, p. 10. — Ed. 



i834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 411 

& some of the other members of the family rather strange 
in their appearance ^ 

The Indians whom we saw yesterday & today were dressed 
most fantastically. Some in dirty blankets without shirts, 
some with one legging blue and the other red, some painted 
red & another brown around the eyes, with rays say of 
white and red. Some with red on the cheek bone with 
black stripes. Two had hats. The hair of all black & 
shining & thick. Some had several long plaits in front 
tied at the end with ribbons. Some with ear rings & nose 
rings — & one with worsted hoops more that 3 inc[he]s 
wide. Some had calico shirts — most had blue cloth rap- 
pers edged with red — the leggings were generally red. 
Some had turbans of dark party col[oure]d handkerchiefs 
on their heads — most were without any covering on the 
head but were ornamented by ribbons or feathers stuck 
together most fantastically, generally eagle feathers — 
sometimes a profusion of ribbons with them. The few 
women we saw were modest in their appearance & dress & 
had not many colours — their heads were uncovered. Some 
of the boys had only a piece of an old blanket & made a 
great display of their naked legs, A chief called Old Wing 
made his appearance with the skin like that of a cat in his 
hand. He is said to be 80 yrs old & was the Ottawa chief 
that assisted the Americans during the last war. He looked 
very old & comical — cleaner than any of the rest — had on 
a round hat with a silver band — a large medal on his 
breast &c. Almost all the men looked very ugly & very 
dirty. Very few spoke to us or were noticed by any one. It 
appears they might very generally take up the expression, 
No one cares for my soul. Wrote a letter to Mrs Relf since 
tea. My Map continues to be very bad. We have pretty 
much determined to stay while at Green Bay at the Mis- 
sion School."^ 

' Miss Persis Skinner, one of the mission teachers, who later married Rev. 
Samuel Denton, a Swiss, who in 1835 established a mission where is now 
Red Wing, Minn. See Davidson, pp. 134, 135. — Ed. 

^ The school had been opened in 1827 by Richard F. and Sarah B. Cadle 



412 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

16. Last evening was very beautiful & delightful. The 
air cool. I cannot sleep well on board the boat and long 
for a sleep on land. The towels, basins &c here are not 
what they ought to be. The police of the boat is bad. 
Plenty of servants, ail white — they wash with us, use the 
common comb & brush, &c & sleep in the cabin on Matresses. 
A negro servant of Major Forsyth slept in the cabin on his 
own bed. When I rose this morning we were entering 
Green Bay. Louse or Potowatamonie Island (The Ps qalled 
Lice by the frencli on account of their dirty habits) on our 
left — Bower's [Bowyer's] bluff ahead & Green island just 
passed on our right. About 8 oc[lock] we went to Eagle 
bay or harbour formed by an island off the mainland on the 
left. The bay is safe on all sides & deep. From there 

in the unoccupied barracks at Camp Smith, on the east side of Fox River, 
at " Shantytown." During the winter of 1828-29, land was obtained from 
the government, " adjoining the military reservation on the north," and 
on this a building was erected; other buildings followed, in the summer 
of 1829. The Indians were either indifferent to the scheme, or bitterly 
opposed to it, objecting -to rigid discipline being applied to their children. 
The French, too, disliked the enterprise, both because it was a Protestant 
mission, and because it did not accord with their notion of the fitness of 
things. Solomon Juneau, the founder of Milwaukee, once wrote: " As to 
the little savages whom you ask about for Mr. Cadle, I have spoken to 
several, and they tell me with' great satisfaction that they are much hap- 
pier in their present situation than in learning geography." — Historio 
Green Bay, pp. 233, 234. Tired out, with patience gone and health fail- 
ing, Cadle wrote, June 16, 1832, to the executive committee of the Domes- 
tic and Foreign Missionary Society, begging to be relieved " from a burden 
by which I am bowed down greatly." In October, however, the commit- 
tee induced him to promise to continue his work on the condition of being 
more heartily supported by the society. The Proceedings of the society, 
held in New York in October, 1832, pp. 21-29, contain an interesting de- 
tailed account of the condition and needs of the Green Bay mission. The 
present journal describes the investigation of the establishment by Kemper 
and Milnor, as repi-esentatives of the society, on account of the trouble 
which had arisen from the severe punishment of some of the Indian boys. 
Cadle continued in charge until 1838, when he was succeeded by Rev. 
Daniel E. Brown, who continued the work for two years longer; but it 
finally — although at first incorporated as the " Wisconsin University of 
Green Bay, "and later as"Hobart University" — succumbed to the discour- 
agements with which the institution was from the first beset. — Ed. 




Rev. KicnAKD Fisk Cadle. 
From a contemporary oil portrait. 



iS34-l Kemper's tour to green bay. 413 

Chambers island was ahead about five miles on the right — 
& we pass on the left, the main land came to Sturgeon Bay. 
"We go slowly because the wind wh is pretty high is right 
ahead, and the wood is bad. 

24 July. We are yet at Green Bay. Many days are passed 
since I wrote in this journal. I will now, tho I have scarcely 
time, endeavour to make up for the past neglect. This day 
& the 3 preceding have been exceedingly hot — the ther 
at the fort was 95 on the 22 & at Navarino at 23 it was 97. 
Reed from Mr Groom' some specimens of copper &c from 
the river S of this & wh empties into L. Michigan — from 
Miss Cadle - some specimens from Magura & from Judge 
[John P.] Arndt a piece of copper taken by an Indian from 
the grand chute ^ of Fox river 6 miles below L. Winnebago. 
Saw some stones on the shoi*e from the Bay Settlement 6 
miles below Navarino wh consisted apparently of Marine 
shells and mud petrified — obtained specimens of them. 
Met Mr. [Jean Baptiste] Laborde bro of Mrs. Douceman^of 
the R. C. Mission, spoke in the plainest terms of the influ- 
ence of the traders * * * in jDreventing children from 
coming to it. * * * Reed from Miss Cadle specimens 
of porcupine quills in natural & colored state. Mr Cadles 
paper concerning Mr. Mazzuchelli ' &c. One of the little 

1 Leonard Groom was one of Cadle's assistants at the mission. — Ed. 

^Miss Sarah B. Cadle, sister of Rev. R. F. Cadle, and " female superin- 
tendent " of the mission. — Ed. 

^ Grand Chute is the fall, or rapids, at what is now the city of Appleton. 
Going up Fox River from Green Bay, the names of natural obstructions are 
as follows: Rapides des Peres (Rapids of the Fathers, so named because here 
was established by Father Alloiiez. the Jesuit mission of St. Francis Xavier), 
at what is now De Pere; Little Kakalin, now called Little Rapids; the 
Croche, — above the present Vrrightstown; Grand Kakalin (with some four- 
teen different spellings), where is now the citj- of Kaukauna: Little Chute, 
still preserving the name ( the village there, was originally settled by lometa's 
band of Winnebagoes;; a mile farther up, the Cedars, where the Indian 
treaty of 18.36 was held, and where is now the village of Kimberly; then 
Grand Chute, at the present Appleton. — H. B. Tanner. 

^Mrs. Rosalie Dousman, wife of John, and in charge of the Roman 
Catholic Indian school. See ante, p. 176. — Ed. 

' See ante, pp. 155 et seq., for account of Father Mazzuchelli's work at 
Green Bay and elsewhere. — Ed . 



414 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

girls who has been at the school from the beginning goes 
to day & came to bid us good bye. She spoke English well 
but with a foreign, I wld say, a french accent. She is only 
12 now, but her Mother who is married again, has a young 
infant & requires her at home. She leaves here two bros. 
The girls appear kind and affecCtionate] to each other & 
attached to their teachers. If we give up this school we 
not only afford a triumph to its enemies the traders & the 
R C but we abandon a station of great importance. Is it 
nothing to have rescued more than 200 ch[ildren] from 
degradation & vice & ignorance & death — to teach them 
the arts & feelings of civilized life and the principles of 
the Gospel? * * * Many of these chid are real Inds 
born in our ch. but who wld be ignorant of knowledge & 
our language were it not for this school. And many born 
heathen exhibit by their conduct & writings an evidence of 
the Gospel upon their souls. Here, in this mission the Ch is 
exerting herself & has an opportunity of doing good to 
heathen. If we give up this, we abandon the only post we 
have among the heathen. We have more Indian chid here 
than they have at Macanaw — & the schools of the ch[urch] 
Missionary] Soc[iety] among the N W Indians are princi- 
pally composed of the children of white traders. Some of 
the chid here in 2 yrs have in addition to a knowledge of 
the language acquired as much school information i. e. made 
as much progress in spelling, reading, writing, composi- 
tion, geography, grammar & arithmetic as chid of similar 
age in the district schools of Count. 

Mr. Cadle this morning submitted to our perusal many 
papers relative to his trials & duties. He has been with 
a meek & devoted spirit most faithful to all his duties — 
& his sister has laboured beyond her strength — & they 
both assure us that for the last 6 mos no persons could be 
more interested in the welfare of the Mission & ready to 
spend & be spent in its service than Mr Gregory & Miss 
Crawford. > But Mr C's feelings are too sensitive — we re- 



1 Almon Gregory and Sarah Crawford, teachers at the mission.— Ed. 



j834-] kemper's tour to green bay. 415 

quire a man of sterner stuff than he is made of to be at 
the head of the Mission. 

Dined at Mr. Whitneys at Navarino — there besides we 3 
& Mr & Mrs [S.] W. Beall' Arndt W's nephew & nearly a 
doz officers from the garrison in full uniform — pitcher 
full of lemonade & port, madeira & champaign wines — 
roast pig, veal, ham, venison, & veal pie — sallid — cran- 
berry (abound here) tarts & floating islands — cheese, 
raisins, almonds, english walnuts, filberts. The 2 Drs of 
the fort drank no wine — have established a Soc which 
now included 80 odd on principle of total abstinence. Lieut 
Clary- belongs to it likewise. A conversation conc[erning] 
voyageurs & bark canoes. They go 100 Miles in 24 hours 
& paddle 22 hours. When they stop the man who is car- 
ried cooks — that is boils the Indian corn with tallow 
while the men sleep. He sleeps in the boat while they 
work. One, who receives i more pay than the rest sings, 
all join in chorus — in this way they are kept awake. 
Sometimes 8, sometimes 15 men. Gov [Lewis] Cass 
travelled in 12 days in this manner from here to St. Louis 
by Fox & Wisconsin — then to Chicago & then here. The 
use of tallow has led many chid to eat the candles of the 
house. Once Mr C had to publish a law to this effect, that 
no child should eat bark, or candles or snow. Returning 
from Navarino a Meno[moneeJ woman drunk, a large boy 
with only a cloth on, & others, especially men, nearly 
naked, some with nothing apparently but a dirty ragged 
blanket. The greater part of them look most wretched & 
miserable. When going to dinner we saw a whole family — 
women, children &c going to bath. They kept all their 
clothes on, & in that way, wash them. 2 yrs ago there 
were great apprehensions that the Sacs & Foxs wld be 
here. A cannon was planted near the river opposite the 
Mission House, patrols were kept about the settlement, the 
whites in the neighbourhood of Lake Winnebago moved 

' Samuel W. Beall was one of the vestrymen of Christ Church parish, at 
Green Bay. — Ed, 

2 Robert E. Clary, 2d lieutenant of the 5th infantry.— Ed. 



4l6 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

ctown — & the cannon on the river was to be the signal 
when fired for all the inhabs to go to the fort. Prom the 
fort on the first alarm, a company had been sent to f. Win- 
nebago leaving here but 17 men & the post in almost a de- 
fenceless state in consequence of its undergoing repairs.^ 
It was supposed that the Mission house wld be the first 
object of attack on a/c of the no of scalps to be obtained. 
The alarm continued 3 weeks — some nights the large boys 
did not go to bed. A girl with long hair requested it 
might be cut off so that she eld not be scalped. 
The state of society has been & continues wretched. 

Mrs Grignon has Indian dresses that wld cost 80 or 100 
dollars. 

NavCarino] li miles up the river — at Nav & Mission per- 
haps f [of a mile] wide — banks at first low — gradually 
rise — both sides of shore almost filled with rushes — & at 
mouth & in bays of the river there is wild rice 

The land between this & lake Michigan said to be bad — 
the soil, particularly S. E. very good. 

Temperen[ce] Soces among soldiers to do any good must 
be for total abstinence. They will otherwise get drank on 
beer, cider or wine. 

16. We arrived at Navarino about 5 oc[lock]. The bay 
had for some time looked narrow & the channel was very 
crooked. Entering the river Fox fort Howard on right & 
Navarino about 20 houses on left. Land looked low & un- 
promising. Might suppose that fevers abounded but it is 
not so. The banks of the river are healthy, owing it is 
supposed to the frequent agitation of the water by winds, 
& a rise & fall wh occasionally takes place & is not 
easily accounted for but is attributed to the wind. Gave 
Phillips Xan [Christian] experience to Mrs. Morris, she 
promising to be less careless in future. Her mother in 
law is quite unwell. Many persons & officers came on 

^See documeutary history of the Stambaugh expedition, in Black Hawk 
War, in Wis. Hist. Colls., xii, pp. 266 et seq. — Ed. 



i834-] Kemper's TOUR to green bay. 417 

board but no one for us.- Mr Whitney promised to send 
our baggage to the Mission House, & Mr [Alexander J.] 
Irwin offered to talkie us there, a distance of 3 miles. Kindly 
reed. Mr C there — not expected. My letter & Mr Van 
Pelts announcing our coming came with us. Went down 
with Mr Cadle to the boat to invite the passengers to visit 
the Mission. Miss C is now the superintendent — Mr Chas 
engaged to officiate to the Oneidas. 

There is much to admire in the school — but it is scarcely 
comfortable to its inmates — it has been very expensive — 
the constant cry from Phila has been more economy, & in 
order to obey, & being never in fact beforehand but con- 
stantly obliged to get not only goods but money from the 
store — the whole economy has been so frugal as to be 
scarcely comfortable. The barn is good but there is noth- 
ing in it — they buy flour & pork by the single barrel — 
they have not had for weeks any fresh meat. They have 
no molasses, no Indian meal, & but little milk. Much has 
been done even with the farm, but it is evidently requisite 
to have a handsome sum of money to be laid out at once 
for the Mission before it can become comfortable & eco- 
nomical. 

17. Were visited by several of our passengers — Milnor, 
Lawrence &c. Milnor intends buying a bark canoe to take 
to Batavia. So cold this night we asked for blankets. 
Wrote on board the boat to Mrs. R. & after I landed 
to [name illegible]. The boat started for Chicago this 
afternoon, & we know not when we shall be able to return — 
for all arrangements & promises with respect to steam- 
boats will it is said henceforth fail. 

18. Visited Gen Brooke' & gave Gen Scotts letter — 
pretty wife, beautiful child. 

26. rose early after sleeping 2 hours. We had a most sad 
time of it last night. I must now mention however lest 
I forget it that the Oneidas have 500,000 acres — it extends 
some distance on the Fox river about ten miles & then 

' Brev. Brig. Gen. George M. Brooke, colonel of 5th infantry. — Ed. 

27 



4l8 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

in a N W direction. All their land lies together forming 2 
paralalograms. The Stockbridges who have been here for 
12 yrs have sold their land to Government, reserving 2 
tws [towns] & 23,000 dolls for the tw [town] here at Grand 
Kakalin. The 2 tws to wh they are to remove are beyond 
the Misspi- This country of theirs was purchased by them 
from the Menominees & Winnebagoes. 

Mr Whitney walked from St Peters to Detroit from Dec 
to Feb 1250 miles by way of Green Bay & Chicago — he 
camped out 42 nights — spent 18 days at G B 

At Grand Kakalin on west side a large red cross, a 
painted cock on top & attached to a horizontal beam of 
cross a spear, scourge, crown of 

The fall at G. Kakalin 24 feet in the course of the rapids — 
150 from Lake Winnebago to foot of rapids & L Winnebago 
to Lake Mich 170 feet descent. 

28. Hope deferred makes the heart sick. But I will not 
murmur or repine. No boat as yet, one however it is sup- 
posed will appear- today or tomorrow. I long most anx- 
iously to see my little ones — & I desire to say thy will be 
done. We are detained here I trust for beneficial purposes. 
Yesterday 27 I officiated in M[orning] at fort — aft[ernoon] 
at Navarino & 5 oc[loGk] at Mission. The band of music, 
the flags around the wall, the dress & orderly appearance 
of the soldiers gave a very imposing appearance. The gen- 
eral was present but not his lady who was detained by the 
sickness of a child. 

Lieut. Clary thinks that the bay flies wh are yet very 
numerous arise from what I consider their carcasses, not 
those from which they creep, but their own dead bodies. 
Dr. Satterlee^ promised me a mem[orandum] of the heat 
of the last week, it yet continues very warm. Dr M & 
myself took our dinner with Mr Whitney. He offers to 
paint the Mission a dark colour like his own house in wh 
he is now lodging, inside & out, for 350 dollars — will sub- 
scribe ten & thinks the Bay people wld give 100. 



1 Richard S. Satterlee, assistant army surgeon, the post doctor.— Ed. 



1 834-] kemper's tour to green bay. 419 

Mr Ellis ' has returned from surveying, & gives a bad 
report of the musquitoes. His story of the intended pam- 
p-J2iet — refused admittance in his paper — in Detroit paper — 
50 dolls paid to Detroit editor — As first offered to him 
it contained the basest & most malignant insinuations. Is 

daily expected from D thinks it will almost destroy Mr 

C. Conversed freely with Mr Beall after the 3d service — 
stated the evidence of the boys (the disgrace attached to a 
crop arises from the military custom). 

The assertion of Pouquette ^ in conversation with Mr 

C Mr C almost crazy when informed of Conduct of 

boys — left the whipping pretty much to judgment of as- 
sistants. Mr C violent passions — wished Smith to com- 
mence a suit — instigated the paper controversy, persuaded 
Beall to write.* The Mission might be better managed & 

' Andrew G. Ellis had been an assistant at the Episcopal mission. At 
this time, he was proprietor of the Green Bay Intelligencer. — Ed. 

^From documents published post, Joseph Dickinson appears to have 
been the author of this pamphlet attack on Cadle, — Ed. 

^ Joseph Paquette, a cousin of the famous Pierre. See Wis. Hist. Colls., 
xii, p. 402, note 5. — Ed. 

^It appears from a letter signed " Civis, " published in the Green Bay 
Intelligencer for Feb. 19, 1834, that in December previous, " a great fault 
was committed by several of the boys belonging to the Mission, for which 
they were severely chastised." Two of the boys were induced to complain 
"on behalf of the United States, of a violent and malicious battery per- 
petrated on their persons by the superintendent and male assistants, who 
[in January] were arrested upon a warrant, and brought before a magis- 
trate," who bound them " to appear at the next term of the circuit court 
for trial." The correspondent condemns these proceedings as casting a 
reflection on the school; whereas, under the provisions of the territorial 
statute organizing the establishment, the teachers have a right properly to 
coerce the pupils, their respective relations being that of master and ap- 
prentice. "Civis " alleges that the teachers were not given an opportu- 
nity in the justice court of Louis Grignon, to introduce proofs of justifica- 
tion. 

In the Intelligencer for March 5. " Civis " is charged by " Orion " with 
misrepresentation. He says: " In the evening of the 24th of Dec. last, 
eleven of the School boys attending the G. B. Mission were called from 
their beds (after having retired to rest) and for some supposed offence were 
conducted to a school room adjoining their lodgings, where by the orders 
of the assistant teachers, they were stripped of their outward garments 



420 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

at i less — the buildings shd have cost ^ less. Smith 
cleared 1100, Olds 800. Mr C too honourable & not able to 
contend with crafty men. The destitution of horses, car- 
riage, food &c — the payment sometimes of 20 dolls a bar- 

and severely, cruelly and unreasonably punished by the infliction of some 15, 
others 20, and 25 stripes upon the bare back . They were then put in con- 
finement, and on the day following were again called into the presence of 
their inhuman masters, when the same violence was repeated on their per- 
sons, lessening only the number of the blows, but with equal severity, and 
adding to the sum of shame and cruelty the barbarous and disgraceful 
outrage of shaving the head. The sufferings of these children may more 
readily be imagined than described when we are informed that these 
severities were endured at a season of the year when the mercury ranged 
from 5 degrees to 20 degrees below zero. After the enactment of this sum- 
mary vengeance they were sent to the Hospital, and as they gradually re- 
covered of their wounds, were put to task in the Mission service. Some 
10 or 20 days having elapsed, the guardian of Theodore Lupient and 
Peter Bazille (two of these unfortunates) visited this place, and having 
called upon the superintendent for the purpose of acquainting himself • 
with the facts was fully informed. He immediately withdrew his wards 
from their confinement and from the care of the Superintendent and ap- 
plied to the civil authorities for redress." The correspondent further al- 
leges that the superintendent and one of the assistants had been discharged 
by the magistrate — two assistants only "were bound in recognizance to 
the next term of the court." , 

March 19, the editor of the Tntelligeneer (Ellis) himself takes a hand 
in the quarrel, heartily indorsing Mr. Cadle. In the same issue, " Uivis " 
and " No Mistake " attack " Orion " in three columns of fine type; they 
allege that the heads were not shaved, the hair being cut with scissors. 
Mr. Cadle himself also appears in the controversy with the following card, 
dated March 15: " The undersigned having noticed an article in the G. B . 
Intelligencer of the 5th inst, signed ' Orion, ' thinks proper to state that 
he will in due time satisfactorily prove the writer to be a calumniator. He 
has directed the attention of the Society by which he is appointed to those 
allegations; and requested the benefit of a tkial; and further solicited 
that he may be dealt with according to the utmost rigour of the ecclesias- 
tical laws to which he is subject if the charges should be substantially 
proved to be true, or, if shewn to be false, that they will publish the name 
of the author as a slanderer. R. F. Cadle." 

Here the newspaper war appears to end. It will be noticed that Dr. 
Kemper ascertains that Cadle himself started this controversy, which no 
doubt greatly injured the mission. Further light is thrown on the 
matter, by the documents published posf.— Ed. 



l834-] KEMPER's TOUR TO GREEN BAY. 421 

rel for pork, all wrong. Mr B's wife speaks highly of Mr 
Garvin's qualities. Mr B, highest opinion of integrity, 
purity & piety of Mr C — at same time is sensible of his 
faults, wishes this conversation to be secret. Mr B thinks 
Dr M. & myself shd investigate the late affair. 

1 am this morning (28) much fatigued with preaching, 
heat, musquitoes &c. We are apparently to have another 
warm day. My neck, ears, face, legs & body yet show 
marks of the Grand Kakalin expedition. 

26. Garvin's house where we slept (I not more than 2 
hours) is at foot of Grand Kakalin about 18 miles above 
Navarino. A log cabin with 2 or 3 rooms. The 4 got a 
room to themselves. C & I in same bed & Mr & Mrs W 
had a room. G. will sell whiskey & has therefore been sep- 
arated from the Stockbridges with whom he had united 
himself — but he himself is a Naraganset. We found they 
were acquainted with Aaron Konkapot & that he is known 
as a drunkard. With the aid of what Mrs W brot in the 
boat we made out a breakfast — no milk, no butter — but 
tea, bread & chickens &r currant sweatmeats. After a 
short walk we got into a wagon & passed over a most per- 
ilous road about a mile to the Mission House of the Amer 
[ican] Board among the Stocksbs. As they the S are now 
moving to the lands they have got in exchange on L Win- 
nebago, this house &c will be abandoned. It was only in- 
tended for the residence of the families of the Clergyman 
and teacher. The school house was about i a mile off in 
the woods — only a day school, & but poorly attended in 
summer, it had not in it apparently as we passed, more 
than 12. The teacher Mr Hall ' is sick at present, we con- 
versed for a few minutes with Mr. Barber- at the Mission 
door, but did not get out. 

Mr. Whitney has a store on left hand side going up wh he 

' Rev. Chauncey Hall, coadjutor of Rev. Cutting Marsh. Davidson 
gives an account of the mission. — Ed. 

2 For biographical sketch of Rev. Abel Lester Barber, " the fii-st resident 
minister in Wisconsin to labor under commission from the American Home 
Missionary Society," see Davidson, p. 209. — Ed. 



422 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.XlV. 

established at request of the Stockcb — it is a temperance 
store, — & is now to be broken up. It has been kept for 
some time past by Mr W's nephew whose family with that 
of the Mission is the only white family in the settlement. 
Here we stayed and dined. The Stocks are more civilised and 
converse more in English than the Oneidas. There Miss & 
Mrs started some weeks ago with some of their peo- 
ple beyond the Miss[issippil to look out for new Miss[ionar]y 
stations. All the nation, altho it was rainy, assembled to 
bid him good bye, he prayed &c. Passing from Garvin's 
to the store we met with several Menomenee lodges — at 
one, a fellow nearly naked was climbing up the roof to 
seat himself on the top, wh he did before we passed by (For 
want of foresight Mr Beall thinks we have pd extrava- 
gantly for wood & shoes besides the other things mentioned. 
We must have the wood for one winter cut the winter be- 
fore, on our own lands. The Mission has often pd Irwin 1.75 
per pr. for shoes wh cost him say 75 cts). From the store 
(having had a dinner of salted venison, tea, cucumbers, 
dried apple sauce &c) we went down the stream li miles in 
a log canoe — comical & somewhat alarming. All of us 
seated on the bottom in a row — commanded to sit still & 
under no circumstances to lay hold of the sides. Mr W. 
& a voyageur paddled -^6 of us in the canoe. We landed 
on the opposite side & walked to the house of La Charme ' 
an old batchelor who was engaged in washing his check 
shirt. He had horses, cattle & fowls about his door & his 
employment is to transport goods at this portage of the 
grand K. A cross and beads were hanging on the walls, 
picture of Gen Jackson, & bright brass shovel poker &c for 
coal grate. After some hesitation he agreed to take us in 
his cart to the boat. Dr M & Mr & Mrs W got in, & were 
in peril. C & I walked, Du Charme not far below his 
house on a prairie w[h]ere there were several cross roads 

' Du Charme is meant. Paul du Charme was the only one of that fam- 
ily who lived at Kaukauna for any length of time. His brother Dominic 
was the first settler, and Paul succeeded him. He is undoubtedly the one 
here referred to; he was the only bachelor among them. — H. B Tanner. 



1 834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 423 

has erected a large red cross perhaps 30 feet hi^h, about i 
way up a small painting of Madonna & child. On the top 
of perpendicular beam a wooden cock painted — a little be- 
fore a small piece of wood with I. S. H. [I. H. S.j on the 
horizontal beam a heart, ladder, crown of thorns, scourge, 
hammer, spike &c. In his zeal he once cut down a cross 
at Green Bay that had been erected by a priest whom he 
considered a bad man & was fined by the court 50 dolls. 
A Mr Grignon whose wife is a MenoLmonee] & whose 
dg [daughter] is wife of Childs the sheriff claims a great 
deal of land here & has a saw mill at the rapids. At the 
mill the view of the rapids is very fine. G's son was at- 
tending the mill, dressed well with leather gloves on, & 
a wild dressed Meno well grown lad assisting.^ Here Arndt 
joined us. He it is said has an interest in Garvin's inn In 
walking over the meadow from the mill to the landing passed 
an indian burial place, 1' poles with white flags flying a pale 
fence partly surrounding the place & thick sticks of wood 
covering some of the graves. The boat at Grignon's land- 
ing was ready for us — awning-sail, soon put down — 
started after 4 — went very pleasantly — rowed — lemonade. 
A short distance from Garvin's below a roman cath chapel 
built by Menos of logs. Mr E. Williams house at little K. 

' The Mr. Grignon here referred to must be Augustin, third son (born 
June 27, 1780) of Pierre Grignon and Louise de Langlade. Augugtin'3 
wife, whose maiden name was Nancy MoCrea, was from a Scotch father 
and Menomonee mother; their daughter Margaret married Ebenezer Childs. 
The son mentioned, was undoubtedly Charles A. Grignon. The land claim 
at Kaukauna rapids was derived by Augustin Grignon in part by purchase 
from Dominic du Charme, and in part by actual settlement by his wife. 
Du Charme was the first settler at the rapids; Grignon came next (July 1, 
1812), settling on land adjoining Du Charme's claim; later, he bought a 
part of the latter's land, and occupied Du Charme's house, repairing and 
enlarging it. Then, in 181G, he built a grist mill on the property. This 
was on the north side of the river. The first permanent settlement on the 
north side was made in 1822, when fifty Christianized Stockbridges located 
there, on land previously ceded to the New York Indians by the Menom- 
onees. The mission established among them was in charge of the Presby- 
terian church, and is described by Davidson as " the first Puritan church 
in Wisconsin." — H. B. Tannek. 



424 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

half way between G K & Navarino. Claims land 3 miles 
sq. Does not officiate — in no estimation — greatly in debt 
owes Whitney 1500 — has had two executions of him lately 
when some of his cattle were seized & sold. Had many of 
the Canadian boat songs — home at dark. 

Whitney expects early in Aug to go to [the J Misspi — has 
a shot tower near Galena wh his nephew now at G K is to 
superintend.' W engaged in many things. Bo[ughJt on 
sat[urday] 79 head of cattle just come up from Illinois — 
is to supply fort & Mission with beef." 

29. Big Wave an old chief of the Menominees with a 
few other Menos & 2 Chippeways from Sturgeon Bay, 
came to the house with Col Boyd ' & [Richard] Prickett 
U. S. Interpreter.'^ Dr M addressed them concerning the 
school & the advantages of sending their chid to it & 
ag[ainst] intemperance. Big Wave with a regimental coat 
& a large medal of Washington was the principal speaker 
on the other side. The chiefs seated themselves on the 
floor evidently not knowing the use of chairs, & were much 
attracted by the clock. B W & 2 others well dressed * * * 
& have abandoned drunkenness. One poor fellow, said to 
drink, & badly dressed, with his face painted black, was 
eloquent & affected. They promised their endeavours to 
persuade their people to send their children — acknowl- 
edged the advantages of education — alluded to our dif- 
feren[ce] of colour as an intimation from the Alm[igh]ty 
that we were designed for different stations & employ- 
ments — blamed the whites for the introduction of whiskey 
wh is destroying the Indians & wh they cannot resist — & 
said that the first whites they were acquainted with did 
not sell them rum (the f rench) — the British sold them 
some but not much — but the Amers will sell it to them as 
long as they have any furs. Dr M gave them from the 
store room some red flannel & cotton &c as presents — we 
shook hands. & separated. Prickett the Inter[preter] was 

• See TF/.s\ Hisf. Colls., xiii, p. 338.— Ed. 

^ CoL George Boyd, U. S. Indian agent at Green Bay. — Ed. 

^ See Wis. Hist. Colls., xii, for various references to Prickett, — Ed. 



1 834-1 Kemper's, tour to green bay. 425, 

taken a prisoner when a boy 14 yrs old in what is now 
called Green County, Penn & taken to the present Chili- 
cothe, Ohio, by the Stockbridges. He in time found his 
way to Mac & was 20 yrs in fur comCpanyJ. Has gone from 
[Grand] Portage of L Superior to Montreal in bark canoe 
in 6 days, 14 rowers, bark canoe, carrying 3 tons. Is 
said to be a boaster — married first a Chip & then a Menom. 
Living near Col Boyd's, like an Indian. 

Mr C stated to me that his own taste & judgment wld 
have led him to settle himself as a Miss^ in the midst of 
the Indians, but that here he had been obliged to act in 
obedience of orders, — the plan of the school, its location 
&c were settled by the Ex Come. 

28 A long visit from Mr BealL He is anxious we slid 
enter into a scrutiny of the late alfair, thinks the honor of 
the Mission & the credit of Mr C demands it. It is known 
that Mr. C demanded an investigation; if we go away with- 
out holding one it will be said by the R. C. that we were 
afraid to do so. Dr M on the contrary says we have no 
authority to enter into an impartial inquiry, to summon 
witnesses &c — that we ought to let the subject sleep if pos- 
sible as it is too delicate for public discussion — that we 
have the full & decided opinion of all the respectable in- 
habitants of the excellency of Mr C's character & the cor- 
rectness of the punishment, & that the whole affair is the 
effect of malignity, & ingratitude. * * * Nothing bat 
necessity shd compel us to bring it before the public — for 
then it will be seen accCording] to the rules of the house, 
the boys were too old to be whipped & that the cutting off 
the hair was not authorized — & some wld say if there had 
been a teacher sleeping in the room with the chid, as there 
ought to have been, this sad affair eld not have happened. 
Mr C asserts, justly I think, that with respect to the pun- 
ishment, there was no provision in the laws for such a 
crime, it was not to be thot of, & was therefore accCording] 
to the right of every parent (as he viewed himself) or mas- 
ter, to be punished in an unusual way — I think that the 
statement of the assistants Gregory, Smith & Groom who 



426 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

denounced the crime & punished it — & of Beall and others 
who were present shd be put on paper 

This morng 5 Oneida boys ran away. One of whom had 
run away twice before since we have been here. We want 
these Oneidas because they are full bloods, & yet it will 
not I think do to go in pursuit of them every time. Ought 
we not to threaten they shall not come back — or at least 
write to the Chiefs & solicit their interference to induce 
the parents when they run home to whip them & send them 
immediately back 

Col. Boyd thinks the sickly appearance of many of the 
-children is owing to the salt pork on wh they almost live 

Mr Groom goes today with two hired men & one of the 
boys near to the little Kakalin about 9 miles off to cut hay 
from an Oneida prairie, permission having been obtained 
from the Chfs for that purpose. 

Cobus Hill brot to. day the Oneida P. B. [prayer book] to 
be reprinted in N York Dr M. promised his aid. I will 
propose this plan to Bp O.' for his two C P Book Soct — 
offer a premium of say 500 dolls for the best translation of 
the whole P. B. in the Oneida — & print an edition of the 
best translation that is offered. 

Spent aft & took tea at Col. B. with Mr C. Col agrees 
in the impropriety of further investigation, & thinks the 
testimonial signed by himself & others- sufficient to cover 

' Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk, of New York, chairman of the com- 
mittee for domestic missions, D. & F. M. Society. — Ed. 

- In the Green Bay Intelligenc&r for Feb. 19, lS3i, appears the follow- 
ing card, doubtless the testimonial here referred to: 

" We the undersigned of Green Bay and its vicinity, having attended 
this day at the Mission House by invitation and heard the reasons assigned 
by the Rev, R. F. Cadle which have induced him to withdraw from the im- 
mediate Superintendence of the Green Bay Mission at the present time, 
take pleasure in stating our entire approval of his conduct. While we 
bear testimony to the zeal and unremitting labor with which Mr. Cadle has 
at all times during the term of his agency in this establishment discharged 
his arduous and irksome duties, we hope that he will find in his retirement 
that rest and contentment which he so much deserves and so earnestly 
seeks after. We hope that Mr. Cadle will still continue to exercise towards 



i834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 427 

the whole ground — will make exertions to collect the Menos 
of the neighbourhood tomorrow at 10 oc[lockl at the Mis- 
sion for Dr M. to address — is willing to add something to 
Mr. C's statement concCerning] the benefits wh have resulted 
from the school 

He says the Amer Fur Com at Mac have advertised 
yearly for 15,000 galls of whiskey — that 100 barrels of it 
are sent every year to Green Bay to Judge [John] Lawe & 
the other members of the fur Com who are located here — 
that he refused at Mac belonging to a Temperence Society 
because Mr Stuart one of its warm advocates wld continue 
the agency of the fur Corny 

He says the Stocks get for their improvements 25,500 

that institution a fostering care. And we doubt not but the wounds which 

have by recent occurencies been inflicted, will be healed by the reflection 

of having faithfully discharged his duty. 

"Mission House, Green Bay Feb. 5, 1831. 

*' (Signed) 

Geo. M. Brookk, 

Bt. Brig. Gen. U. S. A. 
Geo. Boyd, 

U. S. Ind. Agent. 
J. Lynde, Lt. U. S. A. 
E. Worrell, M. D. 

Asst. Surg. U. S. A. 
R. S. Satterlee, 

Surg. U. S. A. 
E. B. Marcy, Lt. 5th Inf. 
R. E. Clary, Lt. 5th Inf. 
St Clair Denny, U. S. A. 
Henry Baird. 
Henry S. Baird. 
j. v. suydam. 
Alexander J. Irwin. 
Horatio Minuse. 
SaiMuel Ryan. 

M. E. Merrill, Lt. 5th Inf. 
N. Perry. 
J. W. Conroe. 
A. G. Ellis. 
S. W. Beall. 
Davtd Ward." 



428 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv.. 

dolls & 2 township of 24,000 acres each instead of one — 
the Brotherto[w]ns get 1600 dolls for their improvements 
& one township. They are to be located on North of Lake 
Winnebago adjoining each other & the object of the ex- 
change was to keep if possible all the Whites to the S & E 
of Fox & Wisconsin 

Saw at the Cols [Boyd's] Long's travels in this country 
printed in London 1791 with vocabularies of Menominee^ 
Chippeway & other Indian languages.' 

A little Menomonee boy who had been wandering about 
the house with his parents came to school to day as a day 
scholar — his mother cannot part with him at night. He 
will probably however get all his meals here. A suit of 
clothes was given him & he was sent behind the barn, he 
soon appeared with the new clothes on & the old blanket 
wrapt around him. This I believe is the boy who said a 
few days since in answer to Mr Labcrd's question Why he 
did not come to the school. That there they whipt too 
much 

This evening the wind came to the North & it became 
cool after 9 very hot days 

17. Called at Mr Bealls, Irwins, Col. Boyds, Beard.- So 
cold that we requested blankets. Col. Boyd Indian agent — 
said to receive intelligence by our boat that his office is abol- 
ished.'^ Find him & family warm hearted & attached to Mr 
C. & Mission. He is quick tempered. She sister to Mrs 
John Q. Adams. 

18. Called at Mrs Smiths (Miss Kellogg that was) * in- 

' J. Long's Voyages and travels of an Indian interpreter and trader 
atnong the N . Amer. Tndiatis, ivith a vocabulary of the CMppeiva 
and other Indian languages (London, 1791). A French translation was 
published in Paris in 1794. — Ed. 

^ So spelled throughout the journal, but the Baird family is meant — Henry 
Baird and his son Henry S. Tradition in the Baird family has it that 
Dr. Kemper always pronounced the name as he here spells it. — Ed. 

^ He continued in service until 1840, when he resigned. See biography 
of Boyd, in Wis. Hist. Colls., xii, pp. 266-269.— Ed. 

* Mrs. John Y. Smith, when Miss Anna Weed Kellogg, was a missionary 
teacher to the Stockbridges. Her husband, a Presbyterian, arrived ia 



i834-] Kemper's TOUR to green bay. 429 

tended going with him about a mile up Hill creek, but was 
prevented by our stay at the fort. Gen B[rookeJ from 
Vir[ginia]— Bp Hobart a tutor in his family iDtrod[uced] 
by C. F. Mercer — plain & unostentatious — showed us a 
most admirable garden. Learnt [that he is] not religious — 
tho fitted up Commissary's room for us with flags & benches 
& kept it so during our stay & attended whenever we offi- 
ciated there. Mrs B considered religious, was a Method- 
ist, commun[ion] with Mr C — the dg [daughter] of the 
lady with whom the Gen lodged when recruiting at Boston. 
Splendid shell work from New Providence W. I. at Lieut 
Clary, a pious Pres ( — Dr Satterlee, do[ctor] Birnam, 
Chapman adj '), (Capt Cruger '' — Capt Scott,' a hunter). 4 
comps here. Satterlee & Clary hold worship & Bible Class 
with soldiers 
Tea at Mr Ellis — Dr M preached at Navarino, I read 

prayers. 

19. We have long conversations with the family concern- 
ing the Mission — & with all the gentlemen we meet with 

Walked thro the grounds to Devil river ' about a mile 
from Fox river — our land extends 2 miles beyond — very 
little on this side cultivated, about 14 acres — none on 
other. Saw place where they shoot deer — many pretty 
flowers— mounds, opened last winter, conchs &c found in 
them — marshy at times — very little large timber this 
side. Wood 250 cords pr year 22 fires. 3 wash room, 3 
kitchen &c We must have it cut one winter, for next. 
Went to Camp Smith " where the Americans had a fort soon 

Green Bay in May, 1828, being employed in erecting the Stockbridge mis- 
sion buildings; he married Miss Kellogg in 1832, and at the time of Kemp- 
er's visit was, in company with Asa Sherman, running a saw-mill on gov- 
ernment lands near Green Bay. See biography in Wis. Hist. Colls., vii, 
pp. 452-459.— Ed. 

1 William Chapman, 2d lieutenant, 5th infantry.— Ed. 

■i William E. Cruger, captain, 5th infantry.— Ed. 

3 Martin Scott, captain, 5th infantry.— Ed. 

* Now East River.— Ed. 

6 The site of Fort Howard, on the west side of Fox River, had been 
selected in 1816 by Maj. Charles Gratiot, of the engineer corps; he prepared 



430 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

after the last war — a good view from it. Mr C left us to 
officiate at Duck Creek. In evening I preached in Mission 
House. There is a Congregation organized here at Men- 
ominiville^ & likewise at Navarino.^ The latter place has 
sprung up within 3 yrs & threatens to destroy the former 

20. I officiated at 10 & at 2 in the School Eouse. nThe 
day exceedingly hot. Col & Miss Boyd, Mr & Mrs Beard, 
Mr Beall, the Irwins &c present in morg. Went and offi- 
ciated at fort at 5 in aft- at Ellis'— &^officiated at 8 at 
NavariEo. Conversed with Ellis concerning the Mission, 
Mr C, Mr Suydam' and the late difficulties. Mr C has la- 
boured most faithfully, but perhaps not exactly calculated 
for the difficulties of the station. 

21. The Dr or myself lead in morng & even[ing] worship 
in the fam[ily]. We assemble in school house at 6 & at 7^. 
The Psalter, a hymn & then prayers, principally from Coi- 
terill. I am looking over the papers we brot, the laws, & 
the list of students — Dr M is preparing the report 

Dined with th e Gen [Brooke] at 1 oc with Dr. Satterlee. 

the plans of the fort, and was present during the earlier portion of its con- 
struction, its completion being left to the superintendence of Col. Talbot 
Chambers. When, however, in 1819, Col. Joseph Lee Smith, of the 3d 
infantry, took charge of the garrison, he became dissatisfied with the low 
sandy site, wishing a broader outlook, and commenced work upon fortifi- 
cations on the east of the Fox, three miles farther up the river and half a 
mile back from the shore. These new quarters were styled Camp Smith 
and were occupied from 1820 to 1822, when the site was condemned as un- 
desirable, and the garrison returned to Fort Howard. Cf . Historic Oreen 
Bay, pp. 154-166.— Ed. 

' Menomoneeville (alias " Shantytown " and " Bellevue " ) originated in 
the shanty settlement formed between Camp Smith (see preceding note) 
and Fox River. In Vol. B, p. 146, of the books in the Brown county reg- 
ister of deed's office. Green Bay, is registered (Jan. 24, 1829) a plat of Mun- 
nomonee (John Lawe, proprietor). But the settlement is now merely a 
suburb of Green Bay.— Ed. 

^Navarino, the nucleus of the modern Green Bay, was platted in 1830 by 
Daniel Whitney, proprietor.— Ed. 

« John V. Suydam came to Green Bay in 1831 as an assistant teacher at 
the mission. Two years later, he became a partner with Ellis, in editing 
and publishing the Green Bay Intelligencer.- Ed. 



i834-] kempek's tour to green bay. 431 

Exceedingly hot. Mrs B looked overcome. * * * When 
the Gen & Gen Brady get together they tell over a bottle 
long stories of the last war. Gen Brooks was with Gen 
Smyth, Wilkinson &c on the Canada frontier. At 3 we 
started from the fort for Oneida say 9 miles Dr. M in a 
waggon driven by Neddy & for a companion Cobus Hill. I 
mounted on a Green Bay pony belonging to adj. Chapman — 
an easy racking horse. Dr S, Mr C & a soldier likewise on 
horse-back. Two miles of the road had just been opened by 
the Oneidas the week before. Dr M & Mr C took off their 
coats. The ride upon the whole was pleasant to me. Stopt 
within 2 miles of D. C. [Duck Creek] & drank from a spring. 
Found Dr S. pleasant & intelligent. He had placed in the 
wagon several musquito nets & a quantity of ice — & pro- 
moted by his attentions our comfort in a great degree. 
After riding thro the woods 6 miles we came to the settle- 
ment — log houses scattered on each side of the road, with 
perhaps 400 acres cleared — the crops looked promising. 
At parsonage about sun set. 

The building had been much improved during the day. 
A shed had been erected for a kitchen where several Oneida 
women prepared the meals. A porch had been placed in 
front &c. The house had 2 rooms besides a large pantry. 
At tea we had venison &c. Two fires were kindled in front 
of the door to keep off the musqs & notwithstanding the 
heat I found the smoke attractive compared with the bite 
of those venimous insects. The ice was very refreshing 
not only to ourselves but to all visitors. Dr M was placed 
in the bed room — in the other we 4 slept with all doors & 
windows open. I had a good bed on the floor under a 
window & surrounded with a net — & slept pretty well. 

The chCurch], a log building is near the Parsonage. It 
has in a recess a chancel &c with a vestry room behind — 
an unfinished gallary in front — benches with backs. We 
walked there in the eveng & heard several of the Congre- 
gation practising music for next day with a good & well 
played bass viol 

The morng of this day before we left the Mission was de- 



432 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

voted to an examination of the girls school. It was 
very satisfactory. Girls who have been here two yrs 
only & who when they came knew not a word of English 
or a letter now equal in school learning girls of the same 
age in our District Schools in Conn. Some recited Murrays 
Eng Grammar, Olneys Geo[graphy], Colburns Arith — read, 
spelled & wrote well. They appear obedient to Mr Craw- 
ford & affectionate to each other 

We must buy some books for those children who have 
washed for us &c. 

22. Col [George] Croghan whom I once knew & is now 
Inspector Gen of the Army is expected at fort Howard soon. 

We assembled in ch at 10 oc. The people pressed to it 
until all seats were occupied & more benches had to be 
brot in. The men on one side the women on the other. 
About 10 infants in their peculiar cradles were kept in ex- 
cellent order. Cobus Hill read part of the Service in 
Mohawk, & hymns in that language were sung from 
books prepared by Methodists. The whole audience quiet 
& very solemn in their deportment. Mr C read Com[mun- 
ion] Ser[vicej — Dr. M preached — then I said a few words 
from C H's [Cobus Hill's] reading desk on Lord's Supper — 
what we said was interpreted sentence by sentence by 
John Smith, born among them, but apparently the son of 
a negro by an Indian woman. John interpreted boldly but 
we fear not correctly. The Lords Supper was then adm 
[inistered] to 69 — say 3 Chi[ldren], 3 visitors (Dr S, Mr 
Suydam & Methodist School teacher) & ten Methodists, 
leaving 53 Com[municants] of the ch. After the Com [mun- 
ion] Dr M read Bp O's letter & addressed the Os[Oneidas] 
on various subjects & particularly Temperence. Between 
one & two we went to the Parsonage, examining by the 
way the Cradles, one of wh had a profusion of silk shawls &c. 
The 9 chiefs came to us & delivered an address as an an- 
swer to Bp O's letter &c wh address was very poorly inter- 
preted by Smith. To this Dr. M replied. Hill then thro 
■Smith gave us an ace fount] of the Corns [commandments?] 



i834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 433 

& of a temperence Socty-(See report) and we all 8 chiefs 
C Hill, & Methodist teacher sat down to dinner consisting 
of 2 dishes of pork & beans, 2 chicken pies, squashes, 
potatoes, peas & rice pudding afterwards. Rather a defi- 
ciency of seats, spoons & tumblers — but upon the whole 
did admirably. Shook hands aff[ectionate]ly with all & 
started at 5 as we came. 

Took tea with Dr S to whose politeness much indebted. 
Mr Whitney lent Dr M & myself his chaise & we got home 
I past 9 

23. Wednesday. Nearly tired out. Rode with Miss 
Crawford & little Phebe Warren as far as Beards to give 
the child some fresh air. An amusing affair last Sunday 
between Mr B & myself about my being an Irishman. He 
insisted upon it, & shook me warmly by the hand. The 
weather was too warm for the child — a little Meno orphan 
fast sinking into the grave with scrofula wh has carried off 
several chid from the Mission this yr & wh is a very com- 
mon disease particularly among the half breeds. Towards 
Sun set Miss C, her br & myself with 5 of the boys & a 
young Meno man as guide took a bark canoe & went to 
Navarino. I paddled part of the way. This mode of con- 
veyance appears very attractive to all who have experi- 
enced it. Visited Whitney some stores &c & returned same 
way after 10 oc. 

In the morning of this day we ex[amined] the school of 
the boys — were gratified — some passed — many acCquainted] 
with Geogra[phy] — many wrote — but five of the present in 
arith — but boys have gone thro here with Dabolls & have 
commenced surveying, Nat Philoro &c. Dr. M ex[aminedj 
in the Cat[echism]. One of the boys concerned in the late 
affair remains. None have been sent away — but their 
friends were requested to take them. Presumptive evidence 
that the house was set on fire by some of those who were 
punished.^ 

• In the Green Bay Intelligencer for Feb. 19, and successive issues, ap- 
peared the following advertisement, dated Feb. 6, 1834: " 8200 Reward. — 
The undersigned, believing that an attempt was made by some incendiary 
28 



434 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

24. (See above) 2 yrs ago when expecting Sacs & Foxes 
they had spies thro this country, even visiting the Mission. 
Reason why the french were not frightened. 

The dinner today at Mrs. Ws was very formal — a writ- 
ten note was sent to each of us. 

25. Wrote a letter to Mrs. Relf wh goes of course by 
Galena I hope I will get home before it — for it may be 
weeks in going — yet by writing I relieve at least for the 
time my anxiety about my precious ones at home. 

Yesterday morng reed a note to each asking us to dine at 
Col Boyd's. Consented if at one for we had promised to 
go to-day with Mr W. to Grand Kakalin. A very good din- 
ner roast venison with currant jelly — boiled chickens & 
ham &c. Although very hot we had a fine breeze in front 
of [the] Cols house where we remained until 5 oc when the 
boat at last appeared with 7 men & Mr. & Mrs. W. & Arndt — 
the boat leaked much. About a mile above Col B's the 
settlement ceases where on the left side used to be the 
R. C. Mission — we went on rowing, very pleasantly till dark 
when we came to the little Kakalin raipids near to wh Mr. 
Williams resides 9 miles above Navarino. From here the 
rest of the way 9 miles the men had to pole, & consequently 
to keep very near the shore. We were assalted in a 
most terrible manner by 1000s of mus from wh apparently 
nothing could defend us. This continued until 2 oc. My 
face & neck & hands & my legs between the top of boots 
& knees were bitten all over. The Moon rose at 11. by 
it Mr C could see my face swolen all over The irritation 
was intolerable. It aifected the mind. And I could easily 
imagine a man driven to desperation by these insects. The 
heat was great yet a degree of chiliness & in order to 
keep off the mus we put on our cloaks & wrapt our faces 
in our handkerchiefs. About Midnight a slight breeze 

on the evening of the 5th inst. to destroy the buildings occupied by the 
Protestant Episcopal Mission at this place, hereby gives notice that the 
above reward will be given to any person or persons who shall disclose 
and furnish such proof as will lead to the full detection and conviction of 
the incendiary as aforesaid. — Rich'd F. Cadle, Sup't."— Ed. 



i834-l Kemper's tour to green bay. 435 

sprang up & revived us. . The boat was well supplied with 
lemons, lemon surup, cold meats, bread & cheese. Mr W 
acknowledged in all his travels he had not experienced 
such an attack from Mus. Arndt had a net for the hat 
wh he loaned Dr M & was a great protection to him 

30. Wrote up journal this morning Examined the pupils 
of the girls school upon the chCurch] catCechism], Scrip- 
Ltare], & hymns — & was much gratified. 

Report of a schooner in the Bay. Here Dr. S. decides 
that Mr Gregory must not teach again, & and that he must 
go off with us. 

Dr M. stories of England. Dinner at the house of the 
Father of the teacher of deaf & dumb he brot out with him 
a little of each dish at a time sent around on plates to each 
guest by the lady at the head of the family. His story of 
Williams the broker — 16 servants, prayers — of Drummond, 
praying & expounding before 4 clergymen — of Bp of Win- 
chester — hymn after dinner. 

31. No schooner in sight now> the report of yesterday 
referred to a boat going to a Mill, It is now 4 weeks since 
I left my own dear home & precious children. About this 
time I expected to be there again, & here I am at the far- 
thest distance from Norwalk, with no prospect for more 
than a fortnight yet of returning! God's will be done. Dr 
M is going on with his report. Last evening a shower. 
This morng cool & cloudy. 

When the Foxes & Sacs were expeled, 2 yrs ago, a lit- 
tle boy at school who had a good suit of clothes begged 
permission to have them on every day as he expected soon 
to be killed & wld then have no opportunity of wearing 
them out. 

Pishe was considered all but dying yesterday — but is 
now better. She will not talk about religion but assents 
to proper questions. She is of course childish & occasion- 
ally fretful. 

I have reed from Miss Cadle a little Indian cradle &c for 
Lill, & a bundle of bark, a canoe & an Indian hat 

The 39 scholar admitted as a boarder into the school 13 



436 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

Jany 1831 a full menomenee, Makkemetas was named Jack- 
son Kemper. His fathers name was Kakononequut. He 
was to be supported for 6 yrs. He deserted Oct 4, 1831. 

Mr Cadles donations to the Mission to June 2d 1834 in- 
cluding 2 yrs salary (|400 per ann) amount to $1087.47^. 

The day after we came here we drew the following or- 
ders, viz. for 

Almon Gregory for 6 mos to May 7/34 .... $125 

Sarah Crawford do April 16/34 . . . . • 75 

Leonard Groom do do 24/34 .... 150 

John Smith in full at rate of $250 per ann . . . . 66.70 

So cold today we had fire in the parlour for several hours. 

Here Gen B & Dr S. The latter gave a certificate to Mr 
Gregory in favor of a temporary absence on ac [count] of 
ill health 

At Navarino bot for Pishe a little watch & some raisins. 

The water here is bad with out ice. It has both in the 
well & in my pitcher, a screen upon it. 

August 2. Yesterday two more schooners were reported 
in sight, — the report was confirmed to us last night by Mr 
Whitney who came to see us. The one has about 50 Oneida 
Indians on board — the other has the mail — & this morng 
I was gratified by recg a letter from home dated 10 July, 
all well. 

Among other papers Mr C has shown me one containing 
a statement of the boarding children admitted into the school 
by Roman Catholic parents or guardians & who have been 
gratuitously taught, clothed & supported. The support of 
a child is estimated at |40 per ann, clothing 20, instruc- 
tion 8 — no charge for medical attendance or buildings. 
The period included is from Oct 25-29 to Jany 15-34. The 
result is, 148 years 11 mos & 10 days at rate of |68 per ann= 
$10,128 22-100. 

Obtained yesterday some Menominee rice & specimens of 
the plant, flower &c. The grain looks like oats and is 
called Menominee by the Indians. Pine specimen of lead 
ore from Galena county by Mr. Whitney. Two fans from 
Miss Cadle — a wild goose & a prairie hen. 



l834-] KEMPEr's TOUR TO GREEN BAY. 437 

Yesterday I thought & dreampt much of home & of 
Annest.' How great the loss ! How vivid the recollection ! 
Mr. Ellis spoke of her beauty & appearance & said she 
was the most youthful woman to be the mother of children 
he had ever met with. 

Judge Arndt promised to send me some rice to plant. 

I asked Mr. Beall to put on paper his recollections of Mr. 
Cadle's trial.- This I consider a necessary caution against 
accidents. 

I have finished reading this day Gutzlaff's voyages along 
the coast of china-^ p. p. 332. My want of facility in ac- 
quiring languages, my actual ignorance of every language 
except my own, my young & motherless children, my age — 
would it appears to me unfit me for the important & sacred 
station of being at the head of a Mission to china. I must 
write to Mr E. Newton to this effect. The door apparently 
opening is wonderful, G. considers the inhabitants of China 
at 362 Millions y^ of the people of the earth. 

3. Dr M. complaining, will not leave the mission today. 
He has devoted himself for some days past to the report, 
& finished it yesterday. Yesterday was exceedingly sul- 
try — today it will probably be as much so — I have three 
services before me. 

Col. Boyd & young Mr Beard * here yesterday. Prospects 
yet gloomy — the first schooner came in full of Oneida 
Indians, she is very filthy and offensive — the other goes to 
Chicago. A 3d is expected — but when? 

Commenced a letter yesterday to Mrs. Relf. Mr Gregory 
gave me a Sioux arrow. Mr. Groom returned at 11 last 
night from the Oneida prarie near little Kakalin & in 
neighbourhood of Mr. Williams. He has secured about 10 
ton of hay 

Visited yesterday with Mr. Cadle Mr Perry & Mrs. Irwin. 

' A pet name for his deceased wife. — Ed. 
' See ante, p. 419, note 4. — Ed. 

^ Rev. Carl. Gutzlaflf's Journal of three voyages along the coast of 
China, 1831-a3, published in 1834.— Ed. 
^ Henry S. Baird, then 34 years of age. — Ed. 



438 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

5. Aug tuesday 11 oc a. m. I am now in Lake Michigan 
on board the Sheldon Thompson steam boat on my way 
home. God be praised! Let me bring up my journal to 
the present. As Mr. Groom & I were going down to 
Navarino on Sunday morng we heard there was a steamer 
in sight, but as none was expected presumed it was a mis- 
take. Owing to a mistake in Mr Ellis paper wh appeared 
again yesterday after a silence of 3 mos & wh he promises 
to send me, I did not begin to officiate at the fort until 11, 
& sat some time with Lt Denny^ & fam who I found 
were from Pitts [burgh]. He is br [other] to the member 
of congress. In the midst of the service before I got to 
the Litany, the Steamer I now am on passed the fort. My 
feelings were greatly excited for the moment & before the 
ante Com[munion] Ser[vice] I called Dr Satterlee up, who 
assured she could not under any circumstances leave here 
for some hours. I crossed after service to Mr. Whitneys & 
begged him to make inquiries concerning the sailing of the 
boat. Dined with Mr. Ellis and spent some time with Mr. 
and Mrs. [John Y.] Smith conversing con[cerning] baptism 
& particularly infant baptism. They expressed themselves 
satisfied & that their difficulties were removed — but did 
not bring their child, to baptism. Mr. S in reference to 
the Mission & to the time that he & his wife were there 
said, the assistants were so few & were so occupied in 
daily concerns that they had no time to give to the relig- 
ious education of the children. Officiated at 3 at Navarino & 
at 5 at the fort. Mr. Ellis, Groom & Crawford the Method- 
ist teacher of the Oneidas at the fort in the Morng — & 
they & Smith & Whitney in the afternoon. Dr. & Mrs. 
Satterlee who had just arrived in the Steam boat. Rev. Mr. 
Porter'' Pres[byterian] clergy [man] of Chicago likewise are 
on Steam boat, Lt. Clary, some soldiers, & serjeant Wat- 
kins & wife & child (the latter I bapd) came to the service 
at Nav. The S. T. has come from Buffalo with 150 soldiers 

'St. Clair Denny, first lieutenant, 5th infantry. — Ed. 
2 Rev. Jeremiah Porter, "the first resident Protestant pastor in Chi- 
cago." — Davidson, p. 154. — Ed. 



i834-] kemper's tour to green bay. 439 

recruited at New York, -with their ofl&cers & other passen- 
gers. The recruits are left at their different stations as 
they are wanted, 13 are to remain here & the rest will go to 
the other posts — at fort Winnebago, the Mississippi &c. 
Having obtained some whiskey some of them became in- 
toxicated and insubordinate. They were taken towards eve 
on the other side of the river & encamped in tents south 
of the fort. There has been today a melancholy display of 
Indians in NavCarino]. Many wild Menominees fantastic- 
ally dressed were about — but the Oneidas who have just 
arrived ^ were met most imprudently by their friends from 
Duck Creek & a scene of great intoxication and degrada- 
tion ensued. The new comers were considerably civilized — 
had been industrious and frugal at home, & some had 
brot with them considerable sums of money i. e. a few 
hundred dollars. They were well, prettily, & neatly 
dressed — the women with men's hats ornamented with 
ribbons &c. But whiskey was cheap & plenty — & too 
many fell victims to its direful effects. I saw a man hold- 
ing an infant in a cradle knock his wife prostrate twice — 
others rolling in the sand unable to rise. The whiskey was 
generally got I suppose from the shanties near Smiths. 
Crawford came down with the intention of hastening their 
departure to Duck Creek. They are all or most all pro- 
fessing Methodists. Happy wld it have been for them could 
they [have] been induced to travel with their goods today 
instead of spending the day in this awful manner. Not 
one at ch — Crawford attended all my services. 400 [dol- 
lars] were pd for the transportation or carrying of 110 
Oneidas (Men, women & chid) from Buffalo to G. B. They 
behaved badly on board — when sea sick, vomited when- 
ever they were on deck, in the hold over the baggage &c. — 
& the vessel, the Indiana, became contaminated, & soon 
after they landed some had premonitory symptoms of col- 
era. There is by a law of the Territory a fine of 200 dolls 
for selling ardent spirits to Indians — & yet it cannot be in- 

• A part of the Oneidas of New York, who were shipped to Wisconsin 
by the general government. — Ed. 



440 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

forced for magistrates, traders & it is said all the french 
besides others will sell to them — & consequently no jury- 
would convict a man of this crime. 

Saw Col Croghan at the fort. I wld not have known him 
He recollected me & said it was 17 yrs since we met. He 
arrived with Judge Doty, Mr Beard &c in the Nancy Daw- 
son. Is Inspector Gen: of the army. 

He married a Miss Livingston. He assured me he wld. have 
been at Ch had he not been expecting for some hours to 
start for fort Winnebago. He, Lt. Chapman & a soldier 
are going on horseback. From there he goes up the Misspi 
& is to locate a new fort &c & is behind his time. 

Took tea with Judge Doty & spent an hour very agree- 
ably. We are invited to dine with them tomorrow, pro- 
vided they can get any thing to give us to eat. 

Called for Mr Cadle at Judge Arndts where I found he 
had taken tea. Introduced to Judge Irwin' who holds the 
station Doty had before he was turned out by Jackson. 

Milnor read our' report to the Mission family — all, & 
particularly C & his sister appeared to approve of it. 

We determine with grateful hearts to embrace the op- 
portunity afforded by the Steam boat. 

4. On friday eveng I made a short address to the chil- 
dren at family prayers, & now took leave of them, exhort- 
ing them to love one another. We packed up immediately 
after breakfast. Talked with Suydam about his becoming 
a candidate, directed him & promised to send him Horn's 
Intro. He gave me two MSS maps one of Green Bay, the 
other of Fox river — & a menomenie war club. Started 

' David Irwin. Henry Merrill, in Wi^t. HIM. Colls., vii, p. 368, speaks 
of meeting hira in Green Bay in the spring of 1S34, and describes him as 
"a Judge of the Territory, one of the executive lights, sent out from the 
East to decide upon the law and evidence among the benighted inhabitants 
of this far-off and wild country. He was boarding with Judge Arndt." 
See further characterizations of Irwin in Id., vi, pp. 378, 446, 447. He suc- 
ceeded Doty as U. S. district judge, in 1832, holding oflBce until the forma- 
tion of Wisconsin Territory (1836). — Ed. 



i834-J kemper's tour to green bay, 441- 

from Mission house before 9 bidding all & aff[ectionate] 
farewell. Found on our arrival at the boat she does not 
sail till 4 oc. Called at Whitneys, Smiths, Ellis — & crossed 
to the fort & called at Gen Brookes, Lt. Clary & Dr. Sat- 
terlees. B's youngest child very ill, it w.is on this ace 
Mrs. B not at Ch yesterday. S[mith]s were out. At 
Lt C's met Mr Porter. 

Dined at Dotys — two chickens, whips, &c. They were 
at school together — Ives was with them — the butt of the 
boys & laughed at by the girls, to whom he used to show 
his compositions. I[ves] was never a common soldier & if 
in the army at all it must have been for a short time, per- 
haps he marched as a drafted militiaman to Sacketts har- 
bour for a week or two. When I[ves] grew up he was 
sometimes supposed to be deranged. Doty knew Dr Sat- 
terlee when he was a frivolous dandy & cannot think 
much of him. To us he appears a noble minded active 
Xan gentleman. Capt & Mrs Croghan are it is said the 
only persons in the fort belonging to our Ch — & yet they 
have never step'd forward or invited us or crossed over 
to hear us — nor was I until yesterday introduced to her — 
& then she gave me the tips of her three fingers. D[oty] 
has travelled much thro this country — been to Lake Su- 
perior — up the Miss river to source &c Has a tine col- 
lection of specimens & bestowed several upon me, of 
agates, copper ore &c a sioux pipe, a deers head &c. I 
gave Cadle my Gutzlaff. We started before 4 oc — eleven 
cabin passengers — the boat & its accomodations vastly in- 
ferior to the Michigan. [Joseph] Rolett[e] the trader from 
Prairie du Chien, [Hercules] Dousman educated by Dr Rudd 
& son of the rich [Michael] Dousman of Mac — the son intelli- 
gent & living at the Prairie, Lt. Lacey,' a surveyor of the 
Territory lands, Winant collector of Mac '' &c Cadle, Doty, 
Groom, Smith, Whitney, Satterlee, Dr Worrell,^ Clary &c 

' Edgar M. Lacey, 2d lieutenant, 5th infantry. — Ed. 
^ Our diarist appears to have mistaken the name. Abraham Wendell 
was at that time collector of customs at Mackinac. — Ed. 
* Edward Worrell, assistant army surgeon. — Ed, 



442 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

saw us off. The wind being a head blew the steam in 
our faces, no awning on upper deck — the heat was there- 
fore great — almost impossible to pass to bow of the boat. 
Suydam's maps examined & pronounced incorrect — par- 
ticularly Little Sturgeon Bay & the names of several of 
the islands. About 9 oc a fog coming up & being near 
some islands we stopped for several hours. It appears we 
waited for the accomodation of Roulet & his party from 10 
to 4 — & now we are to stop at Louse island to accomodate 
the collector. 

5. My berth proved a sad one — bed bugs &c & very 
rocking — slept very little. Rose at day break when the 
boat started. Many passengers complain of dirt & vermin 
of the boat. Passed the beautiful eagle harbour — grape 
islands. Death's door the N: part of the Peninsula between 
L Mich & Green Bay, Bouers [Bowyer'sJ bluffs a most 
splendid display of natural fortifications — high perpendic- 
ular wall, angles & apparently port holes. When at Pota- 
watamie or Louse island the Capt took the Collector ashore 
to fix upon a scite for a light house the Gov[ernmentl has 
ordered to be built. With others went along. The water 
wonderfully transparent. The cliff nearly 100 feet in per- 
pendicular height. We could land but that was all a shore 
was apparently formed by the gradual crumbling of the 
cliff — but it was only 2 or 3 feet wide. There were occa- 
sional ravines, but too steep to be ascended. The cedar 
trees crowned the cliff & were occasionally seen on the 
sides. After a vain attempt to ascend, we returned to the 
boat & coasted the cliff for some distance. It was a splen- 
■did and delightful scene. The cliff some times leaning be- 
yond a perpendicular & disposed apparently in horizontal 
strata as if erected by the hand of man, looked like ruined 
castles or forts. It was a light gray limestone. The clear- 
ness of the atmo & the transparency of the water increased 
the brilliancy & picturesqueness of the scene. Finding the 
cliff extended a great way & concluding it wld require a day 
Instead of an hour to examine the island &c we returned. 
Much is said of the clearness of these waters — certain sub- 



1834.] Kemper's tour to green bay. 443 

jects can be seen at a great depth say 6 or 7 fathoms — a 
white towel for instance tied to the line. 

Doty spoke of the farming establishment for the Menom - 
inies. The two who are said to be appointed farmers are 
Arndt who even now when a judge sells whiskey 
& Perry who is said to be lazy & who when he wants to 
have the garden of one of the farms hoed, after waiting a 
week there doing nothing, made a bee & treated the In- 
dians to whiskey while they hoed the garden on a Sunday. 
It is doubtful however whether either of these men have 
been appointed. The death of Gov Porter is not consid- 
ered a calamitous event for the Territory or the Indians. 
* * * All parties appear to be unanimous in the opinion 
that the Indians are injured on all sides. The government, 
the army, the traders, the agents (& the Missionaries to a 
certain extent) accuse each other. Many agents appear to 
prey upon them & have grown rich. The Government 
forces them to give up land wh it the Gov does not want. 
Some conscientious officers assert that traders have come 
within musket shot of their forts & sold without reserve, 
& that they cannot obtain from Gov the authority neces- 
sary to repress their efforts & drive the traders away. 
Roiet & others appear to think that all the efforts pledged 
to the Menos for their lands will be made without produc- 
ing the least good. 5 good farm houses have been erected 
on cleared land for farmers who are to receive 500 [dollars] 
& their wives 300 — & huts for the Indians in the woods — 
wh they say they will not live in. A saw mill is erected 
& a grist mill, both of wh it is feared will go to ruin — 
for no timber is cut, & the Menos have not yet learned & 
it is supposed they never will learn to plough &c. 

Rolet an intelligent shrewd man has been 30 yrs an In- 
dian fur trader — has lived for yrs among — a Canadian of 
french descent. Speaks severely of our Gov's conduct 
towards the Indians. He has a son at a presbyterian school 
& a dg [daughter] at a quaker sch near New York. He was 
educated at the Catholic college of Quebec. Appears tol- 
erant perhaps deistical in his sentiments. He says Mr 



444 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

Cadle might have wiped [whipped] the boys till the blood 
came & starved & confined them for mos & there wld have 
been no complaint, but the cutting of the hair is a disgrace 
to the Indian not to be forgiven. He has authority & 
money from two fathers to prosecute Mr C — but he will 
not do it for he esteems both C & his sister. Even in his 
own case he says he eld not have forgiven the cutting off 
the hair. The boj'^s were taken away last winter by Pau- 
quette without authority — Mr C ought not to have suffered 
them to go. R says the Mission has many enemies at Nav 
he was written to to prosecute &c. Dousman says the Mis- 
sion has done much good, has been a great blessing & pro- 
duced considerable effect at Green Bay. When he heard 
the heads were not shaved but only the hair cut short, he 
thot the affair quite changed. R has told me much 
conc[erning] the Indians & their lands. The wilder they 
are the better in his estimation — at all events they are free 
from many of the vices of the whites. The Sioux are yet 
in a wild state — -men & women dress in Buffalo skins — the 
men have boot moccasins, the hair inside. Their robes are 
painted with figures of animals *fec on outside. In hunting 
&c they often guide their horses by bearing their bodies 
to the side they wish to go. Their lodges are rendered 
very comfortable in winter by having Buffalo robes hung 
up in them. In hunting the Buffalo they go with their 
families in parties of 1 or 200. Two or 3 of the young war- 
riors of the first families are appointed soldiers of the 
lodge. When they find' a herd they fix a stake with a tuft 
of grass on the top beyond wh no hunter is to go. The 
men then, in two parties surround the herd, & having 
formed their circle approach & fire their arrows. Some 
of the animals when enraged will break thro but most are 
slain. Each warrior knows his own arrows, & is entitled 
to the skin & tongue of the animal he slew. The 
meat is in common. If ardor leads some of the hunters 
beyond the boundary stake, they can be punished by the 
soldiers by having their sugar kettles broken or their 
lodges torn down &c. A scalp is a cause of great joy — 



- i834-] kemi'Er's tour to green lay. 445 

I 

they dance frequently for half a year and then V^ury it. Lt. 

Lacy states that at fort WinneV^ago a woman sujjposed to 
be 90 danced incessantly for 2 days and nights when her 
son then an old man had obtained three scalps, & died in 
consequence of the fatigue. A family with a .scalp does not 
hunt. It is a mark of distinction for a Sioux to have killed 
a man. An Indian can fa.st a long while, but when he has 
plenty he is constantly eating, & they eat an immense deal. 
Their meat yjarticularly the Buffalo roasted before the fire 
& cut off in thin slices as it is cooked & eaten is far more 
delicious than beef and more juicy. They will rise several 
times in the night & eat. Alt?io the Sioux have salt in 
their country particularly at Devil Lake they never use it 
excejjt for their hor.ses. Their meat is dried in the sun. 
Stratagem, or to take by surprise is their great object in 
war. If they know they are expected 300 will turn away 
from B. They think more of the loss of ten men than we 
do of 1,000. The Sioux have shields made of Buffalo sin- 
ews joined together which will break the force of any ball. 
And the Assiboins once a tribe of the Sioux but now at 
war with them dre.ss on hor.seback with a complete armour 
of sinews — even the whole head is covered except the eyes. 
R. Vias been along Green Bay &c at least 40 time.s. Along 
the greater jjart of the Ouisconsin it is prairie land along 
wh a gig can travel. Prairie du Chien is 4 miles aVjove 
mouth of Wisconsin, 300 miles above is St. Peters river, 
fort snelling & 4 above St. Anthony's falls. R's traders 
pass thro an immense country almost entirely prairie to 
buy skins. It is 1200 miles from Prairie du Chien to Sel- 
kirks settlement — where one could almost go in a gig, R 
was the fir.st to take cattle there & he got 150 dollars 
a head. 

Canoe Cbark) of Chippeways this morng to sell fish & 
took bread. Passed a sch from Chicago — & Mar-shall Ney 
& Capt Ward. His wife, & idiot boy chained on board. 

R's men .sometimes covered with snow & remain in that 
situation uninjured for 24 hours. 

At Mac at 11, at night. 



446 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. ' 

6. When I arose at day break found we were still at Mac 
wh we did not leave until 7 this morng. Saw an Indian boy 
spearing fish & saw large trout & some white fish. 

Sad reports concerning Ferry — he has gone to Boston.^ 
Rolet * * * smoked 25 cygars & drank 8 glasses brandy 
& water yesterday. Used to smoke 250 cygars per week, 
only learnt 11 years since. 

A delightful but warm day. Passed one or two rapids 
going up. Our accommodations here have been bad 
enough, but we are apparently getting used to them. No 
subordination as we can see among the men. Sailors &c 
come & sleep .in the cabin day & night. Bed bugs, dirty 
towels & a whole host of disagreeables. Mr. Oakes, wife & 
2 chid from Lake de Flambeau where he has resided 4 yrs as 
a trader, on board. His first wife mentioned in treaty of 
fond du Lac.- He states that in winter of 82, 33 several 
lodges of Chippeways who had gone after Buffalo were 
starved to death, including about 60 persons. The Sioux 
had driven away the animals & the people perished before 
they could return. Before dark began to cross Saginaw 
bay. 

7. Slept well last night thank God. Took this morng a 
sedative & was soon relieved from a slight head ache wh 
attacked me last night & wh I suppose was caused by liv- 
ing so much upon white fish & trout since we left Mac. 
The water was quite shallow as we approached the termina- 
tion of the bay about 10 oc we could see most distinctly 
the bottom Delighted .to see fort Gratiot, Wards &c & now 
& then many signs of cultivation vessels often appeared & 
one steam boat the Gen Gratiot. Finished McKenney's 
voyage ^ & Hoggs life of Sir W Scott. 

' " Mr. Ferry's health failed and 6th August, 1834, he was released from 
missionary service." — Davidson, p. 50. — Ed. 

- Charles H. Oakes. By the treaty at Fond du Lac of Superior, con- 
cluded Aug. 5, 1826, his wife Teegaushau, a Chippewa, and each of her 
children, were awarded a section of land. — Ed. 

^T. L. McKenney and James Hall's Sketches of a tour to the lakes; 
character of the Chippewa Indians, and of incidents connected with 
the treaty of Fond du Lac (Baltimore, 1827). — Ed. 



1 834-] Kemper's tour to green bay. 447 

8. Arrived at Detroit yesterday at i past 5 — went to post 
office and saw Mrs Norvill — who stated there were 5 or 6 
cases of colera daily I learnt afterwards the average rate 
of deaths daily of that disease were 4. Here Gregory left 
us. Reed Uetterjs from Mrs Relf & Nichols. Started at 
6i & at 3 this morng arrived at Huron. A stage started for 
Mount Vernon before 4 in wh Dr M. went. Steerage pas- 
sengers occupy best seats on deck, sleep on them night & 
day, one slept last night on the chain cable. A foolish fel- 
low with essences for sale, ate a water melon before break- 
fast & during the day took every now & then some essence. 
Stopt at Cleveland at 11 & staid an hour — at Pairhaven or 
grand river & left it at 5. Deeply agonized today by the 
letter of yesterday. Got a new captain at Huron. Took 
on board some ladies, & things consequently assumed a 
better appearance. Know no one now but Lt. Lacey. 

9. The boat stopt last night while I was asleep at Erie & 
to day we arrived at 11 at Buffalo. Not a storm or acci- 
dent during the whole of the trip on the upper Lakes. 
Thanks to God thro X[Christ] my Red[eemer] for all his 
mercies. Found that 9 had died of the colera here yes- 
terday. Dined with Shelton — Mr Rathbone with whom he 
lives ill with the colera. 3 fam[ilie]s moving could not 
find Farmers Map of Michigan. Nothing from Ingraham 
for my 8 Dolls. Proof of the bad state of the Sheldon 
Thompson. Saw Morris & Porter. Old Mrs M not yet re- 
covered from her Mac walk. Lts [letters] 2 from Mrs R. 
1 from Lill. Mrs R perseveres. Started at 9 in the Stage 
for Batavia. 

10. Rode all night very slow in a crowded stage & arr at 
Batavia at 8. Buel along — not polished. Dinner at Evans 
[ville] — called at Lays. Attentions of J. Milnor. Offici- 
ated twice. Rev. Mr Ernst — his opinion of Garvin. Mil- 
nor's presents — pd the bill — sat up to wake me. 

11. Started at midnight alone — breakfast at Canandai- 
gua. Dinner at Rev Dr Mills. An impudent observa- 
tion. 



44S 



WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 



[DR. KEMPER'S EXPENSE ACCOUNT. J 



1834, July 3 


a porter 


50 


1834, July 9 


Hooker 


2.00 




to Albany 


G.OO 




specimen 


1.00 




tea 


75 




beer &c 


37^ 


1 


boots 


12>^ 




Bill at Falls 


8.00 




porter 


50 




return from 






breakfast 


1.00 




Falls 


4.00 




to Utica 


10.00 




medicine 


3734 




porter 


IBlji 




blank book 


3734 




dinner 


75 




brushes 


634 




lemonade 


12f2 


10. 


Bill at Buffalo 


3.50 




an Indian 


10 




boots 


12.^ 




supper 


G2U 




for ride to 




5 


to Auburn 


8.00 




Falls 


8.00 




breakfast 


G2H 




with Shelton 






lemonade 


12>2 




for . Ingra- 






barber 


6h'2 




ham 


8.00 




dinner 


OiVz 




to Green Bay 


50.00 




Paid to'Canan- 




11. 


Beaumonts 






daigua 


4.00 




experiment 


2.00 




leads for penci 


1:2 U 




a poor man 


1.00 


6 


boots 


C>2 


12 


barber 


im 




bill at Auburn 


2.50 


14 


do 


1234 


7 


servant 


12io 




wine 


25 




breakfast 


75 


15 


dinner 


50 




to Buffalo . 


7.00 




mocasins 


3.00 




barber 


^hy 




2 mokoks 


373-^ 




dinner 


1.00 




beer 


ayi 




lemonade 


183^ 


16 


barber 


12 


8 


supper it bed 


1.25 




beer 


034 




breakfast (&, 




21 


taking Dr M 






Mrs Davis) 


1-I2f2 




to Oneida 


2.00 




lemonade 


12.^ 


23 


leather purse 


25 




dinner 


25 


24 


looking glass 






baths 


75 




stand for 
DuckC 


2.00 








$19.43^4 


24 


row to Nava- 




July 9 


ride to Whirl 






rino 


25 




pool 


2.00 




books & lem- 






\ye8tern Guide 


25 




ons 


1.25 




boots it brushes 121^ 


30 


raisins & watch 






ferry 


75 




for Pishe 


28 




guide &c under 




Aug. 2 


Letter from 






falls 


1.50 




Mrs Relf 


25 



i834.] 



KEMPER S TOUR TO GREEN BAY. 



449 



1834, Aug. 4 



10. 



11 



left for Leggins 3.50 
for boys of 

school 1.00 

To Dr Milnor 



little ba.sket 


18% 


barber 


18% 




95.123^ 


letters 


50 


M's papers 


.27 


Gregory for 




chairs 


10 


Milnor 


5 


us to Huron 


36 


me to BufF[alo] 8. 


Boot blacker 


.25 


tavern 


1.00 


soda 


614 


bath 


37^ 


mending boot 


6^ 


Stage to Ba- 




tavia 


2.00 


Boots (at Ba- 




tavia) 


12>^ 


to Canandai- 




gua 


3.00 


breakfast 


SW2 



1834, Aug. 11 to auburn 

Letters at 

Buffalo 
twine 
dinner, tea, 

bed 
to Ritchfield 
]2 breakfast 
dinner 
beer &c 
14 At Ritchfield 
to Albany 
B. din. sup 
to N York 



15 



2.00 
68% 

1.00 
4.50 

373^ 
1014 

1.00 

3.50 

1.12>^ 

2.00 



16 





81.81 


boot black 


6M 


the porter 


50 


omnibus 


25 


Brooklyn 


8 


Book for Lill 


62^ 


the porter 


25 


to Norwalk 


621^ 


breakfast 


373^ 


hack 


1^2 



2.891^ 



29 



450 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 



DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
AND MISSION IN GREEN BAY, 1825-41. 



The following documents touching upon the formative 
period of Christ Church (Protestant Episcopal) in Green j 
Bay, and the Indian mission for a time maintained there ■ 
by the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of that 
denomination, are [selected from the archives of this 
Society. They should be studied in connection with Dr. 
Kemper's journal, already given, and in a measure illus- 
trate the latter. For purpose of identification, the press- 
mark of each document is given; e. g., [G. L. P., XVIII: 
74] = Grignon, Lawe, and Porlier Papers, Vol. XVIII, No. ^ 
74. Besides this collection we have drawn upon the Papers | 
of George Boyd, Indian Agent, also in our possession, and 
upon our large collection of unbound MSS. ; the several 
sources are indicated by obvious press-marks. 

These documents, together with the Kemper journal, 
throw strong light on the hitherto almost neglected history 
of the Cadle mission, and incidentally give us intimate pic- 
tures of life in Green Bay during an interesting period of 
its development. 

INTRODUCING MR. NASH. 

Mackina 21st July 1S25 

Dear Sir — You will receive these few lines by M^" Nash' 
a Minister of the Gospel which He intends to Establish a 
Missionary at Green Bay if he finds the place suitable and 

1 Rev. Norman Nash, of Philadelphia. A. G. Ellis, who came to Green 
Bay as Nash's assistant, states specifically in his "Recollections," Wis. 
Hint. Colls., vii, pp. 233-235, that they "arrived at the Bay nearly at the 
same time, late in August," 1824. This letter and subsequent documents, 
hovFever, show that it was 1825. Nash opened his school in the old Indian 



1826. J GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 45I 

a little Encouragement he is a pliscopalian Minister and as 
i presume you are of that Church you i presume will En- 
devour to advise him to the Best as he will be a Stranger 
at your place He has preachd in our quarter and the peo- 
ple Seem much pleased with him and I take the liberty to 

introduce him to you 

With Respect Yours &c 

John Lmv Esqu 1 JOHN DUNN 

Indorsed: " Not answered." 
[G. L. P., XVIII: 74.] 



ORGANIZATION OF PARISH.^ 

Vestry Book. 
Original meeting. At a meeting of the Inhabitants of Green 
Bay held at the office of Robert Irwin Jr. Esquire, on mon- 
day the 10th. day of April A. D. 1826, J. D. Doty Esquire 
was appointed Chairman. 

Agency building, on the west side of the river. Ellis soon separated from 
his chief and opened another Episcopal school on the east side — " in the 
new school house "at " Shantytown." Ellis says he had "over eighty 
scholars," while Nash "had a few scholars from the west side; he also 
preached to the neighbors on Sundays." Nash was, according to Ellis, 
given to "studies and sundry amusements, portrait painting and boat 
building," and in the spring " left for New York, having closed the house, 
with all his, and the church's property left in an insecure state — the 
house being isolated, and at a considerable distance from others." In 
June, the house was broken into and much of the property stolen. The 
rest, Ellis and the sheriff, Ebenezer Childs, secured and turned over to the 
church committee. Nash never returned to Wisconsin. — Ed. 

' Lawe was an English Jew, whose relatives in the Fox River valley were 
all Catholics. But he and several others in Green Bay, who had in no 
way been connected with the Protestant Episcopal denomination (such as 
Henry S. Baird, who had been reared a Scotch Presbyterian), in a desire 
to have some Protestant church established in the settlement, welcomed 
the Episcopalian missionary, and some of them became active workers in 
parish administration. — Ed. 

■^ The following proceedings are from the original leaves of the vestry 
book, kept by Henry S. Baird, and presented to the Society by his daugh- 
ter, Mrs. Louise S. Favill. Accompanying the formal records are the 
original drafts of the several resolutions; also the original declaration of 
faith, with autograph signatures of the vestrymen. — Ed. 



452 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

The object of the meeting being stated by the Reverend 
Mr. Nash, On motion it was. 

Appointment of Resolved, That the Vestry of the Church 
seven vostryinen. at this place do Consist of seven persons: 
and upon balloting, the following persons were declared 
duly elected to said vestry,' to wit, John Lawe, John P. 
Arndt, J. D. Doty, R. Irwin Jr., A. G. Ellis, Daniel Whit- 
ney and H. S. Baird. 

Whereupon this meeting was adjourned 
Adjournment. -n i. i 

Without day. 

J. D. Doty, Chairman. 

First nieetintj The members of the vestry (with the ex- 

of the vestrymen, ception of D. Whitney) having assembled at 
the time and place above mentioned, proceeded to organ- 
ize a meeting, J. D. Doty being appointed Chairman, for 
the present year. 

The following declaration was read and signed by the 
members of the vestry then present, viz. 
T^ , .. , "We, whose names are annexed unto this 

Declaration and ' 

quaiifitation of instrument, do hereby declare that we do be- 
^^"^ ^^' lieve the Holy Scriptures of the Old and 

New Testament to be the word of God, and to contain 
all things necessary to Salvation; and do SoU'innUj prom- 
ise, to conform to the doctrine and worship of the Protes- 
tant Episcopal Church, in the United States, and to endeavor 
to promote the interest of the same in all our Official acts 
as Vestry-men of CHRIST CHURCH. 

Signed. J. D. Doty, 

John P. Arndt 
John Lawe 
Robert Irwin, Jr. 
A. G. Ellis, 
H. S. Baird. 

' The original draft of the resolution bears a memorandum of the votes 
cast, as follows: Doty, 9; R. Irwin, Jr. and Ellis, 8 each; Baird, 6; Arndt 
and Lawe, 9 each; Whitney, 7; A. J. Irwin, 3; George Johnston, Lieut. 
Andrew Lewis (3rd infantry), and R. Irwin, Sr., 2 each; William Dickin- 
son, Jacques Porlier, Lewis Rouse, Ebenezer Childs, and H. b. Brevoort 
(Indian agent), 1 each. — Ed. 



1826.J GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 453 

On motion, Resolved that Henry S. Baird 
Appointment of ^^ appointed Standing Secretary to the 

Vestry. 

Resolved, that A. G. Ellis, and Robert 
waJdens""^"* ""^ Irwin, Jr. be appointed wardens, for the 
present year. 

Resolved, that a committee of three per- 
drTrbye'laws. sons be appointed to draft a code of Bye- 
laws, for the government of said Vestry; 
and that Messrs. Ellis, R. Irwin, Jr. and Arndt compose 

said Committee. 

Resolved, that Messrs. Lawe and Arndt 

fr^ubSiptions. do constitute a Committee to Circulate a 
Subscription Paper for erecting a Church 

at Green Bay. 

Meeting then adjourned until thursday 
Adjournment. ^^^^ ^^ g O'clock P. M. at the office of R. 

Irwin Jr. Esq. 

H. S. Baikd, J- D. Doty Chn. 

Secretary 

Thursday (3 O'clock P. M.) April 13, 182G. 

Members present The vestry met pursuant to adjournment 
13 April, 1B2G. present J. D. Doty, Chairman, H. S. Baird 
Secretary, and John Lawe, R. Irwin Jr. A. G. Ellis and 
J, P. Arndt members 

Daniel Whitney appeared, signed theneces- 
D^Whi'tney."''^ sary qualification, and took his place as a 

member of the vestry. 
Appointment of On motion, Resolved that a Treasurer to 
Treasurer. ^^le Vestry be elected by ballot. 

But after balloting several times : (no per- 
Postponed. ^^^ having received a majority of the whole 

number of votes) it is on motion Resolved that the election 
of said Treasurer be postponed until the next meeting of 

the Vestry. , , 

Resolved that the vestry now proceed to 

Location of scite locate the scite of the Church, which is to 
for the Church. ^^ greeted at this place; and that said loca- 
tion be made by Ballot. 



454 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

And upon Balloting, it is declared that 
said Church shall be erected upon a lot of 
land upon the North side and adjoining the County Seat, 
within the County of Brown: 

And then the Vestry adjourned to meet 
journra n . again on the first day of June next, at the 
office of R. Irwin Jr. at 4 O'clock P. M. 

H. S. Baird, J. D. Doty. 

Secy. 

Thursday June 1st, 1826 (4 o'clock P. M.) 

The vestry met pursuant to adjournment. 

Members present. ^ -tt^t^, t-. .^.ttoit^-t 

Present, J. D. Doty, President, H. S. Baird 

Secretary, D. Whitney, R. Irwin, Jr. & A. G. Ellis & John 
Lawe — members. 

The appointment of Treasurer having been 
treasure™^"* "^ postponed at a former meeting, to the pres- 
ent time — the members proceeded to elect 

John Lawe one by ballot. John Lawe was found to have 

elected 

a majority of the whole number, and was 

thereupon declared duly elected. 

^ , Resolved Istly . That this vestry meet on 

Regular meet- , ^ •, , . , 

ings of the the first monday in every other month, and 

vestry. ^-^^^ ^j^^, (.jjairman be authorised to call spe- 

cial meetings of the same during the interim, when he may 
deem it expedient for the transaction of business. 

2ondiy. That it shall require a majority of 
stitute a meet- the whole of the members for the transac- 
*°^* tion of business. 

Com for sub. The Committee appointed to procure sub- 

make report, scriptions for the church, make report, 
which is accepted, and they are discharged from the per- 
formance of any further duty. 

Subscription Resolved that the subscription paper be 

paper, how dis- committed to the care of the Wardens of the 
vestry, to circulate and obtain subscriptions — 
after which said paper to be deposited with the Treas- 
urer; who shall give to Mr. Nash a copy thereof certified un- 
der the hand of the Chairman. 



1830.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 455 

P' And thereupon the vestry adjourned until the first mon- 
day in August next at 4 O'clock P. M. 

H. S. Baird, Secy. J. D. Doty. 

[Unbound MSS.] 

CONDITIONS OF ADMISSION.' 

G. Bay, April 24, 1830. 

As yet no children have been received into the Mission 
Family, from whose parents any compensation is expected 
or wished for. The principal condition of admission as 
; boarders is, that the children be partakers in some degree 
of Indian blood. In the case of children of persons able and 
willing to pay for the instruction & provision furnished by 
this establishment, the rate of tuition & boarding will not 
exceed |30 pr ann. The children of the indigent will be in- 
structed and boarded gratuitously; if there are those of 
others willing to pay in part or wholly, they will be ad- 
mitted with such an understanding. Yr. 

R. F. Cadle. 
[Unbound MSS.] 



PRICE FOR A SITE. 

[Forwarded, but unsigned.] 

Green Bay, April 30th 1830 
The Rev. R. F. Cadle 

Dr Sir, — In complyance with your request I forward you 
my price for the lot of land which you spoke to me about 
for a site for your Mission, the price will be One thousand 
Dollars for which sum I will give you a Quit-claim Deed of 
the lot spoken of 

I am Sir Yours very 

Respectfully 
Rev. R. F. Cadle 
[G. L. P., XXV: 28.] 

' See ante, p. 411, note 2, for historical sketch of the Cadle mission. — Ed. 



456 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

THE ARRANGEMENTS EXPLAINED. 

The undersigned respectfully gives the following expla- 
nation of the arrangements which he would wish to make 
respecting all children committed to the Mission School at 
present under his superintendence. 

And, first, with respect to dayscholars. 

If the parents are able to pay for their tuition the charge 
pr quarter will be $2.00 for such as are under 14 years of 
age ; if over 14 years the charge will be |2. 50. Parents not 
able to pay will be charged nothing. The school will 
throughout the year open at 9 o'clock A. M: the morning ex- 
ercises will close at half past 12 o'clock until the 1st day 
of March : the afternoon exercises will until the 1st day of 
March begin at half past 1 o'clock & continue until about 
4 o'clock. , There will be two examinations in a year; viz, 
in Deer. & in June, after which there will be one weeks vaca- 
tion : the first examination will be held in June next. The 
school will not be open on Christmas day, nor New Years 
day, nor Ash Wednesday, nor Good Friday, nor Ascension 
day, nor Thanksgiving day. It is not wished to receive 
any scholar for less time than a quarter. 

Secondly, with regard to Boarders. 

The Sup* does not wish to receive any children under 4 
years of age. He would prefer, too, that the children 
should not be over 14 years of age, although others of a 
greater age may be adrhitted at the discretion of the Supt. 
It will be expected that the children be committed to the 
entire control of the Supt of this Institution. Unless the 
control be entire he would be unwilling to take the charge 
of them. For such parents as are able to pay the charge 
for the year will be $30.00, exclusively of clothing. Such 
as are able to pay in part may do so; such as cannot pay 
at all will be charged nothing: but from both will be ex- 
pected an instrument in writing committing their children 
to my care for a specified period. Those who pay in full 
will not be requested to enter into any written engagement, 



1830.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 457 

and may withdraw their children from this Mission at their 
pleasure, though during their connexion with it they must 
be subject to its rules equally with others & be restrained 
from visiting. Those who have agreed to pay in part may 
remove their children from the Mission before the stipu- 
lated time by making payment in full. No payment is ex- 
pected or wished from the full blood Indians. The children 
boarding at the Mission, I will engage, will be furnished 
with suitable & sufficient clothing, bedding & provisions; 
in sickness they will have medical attendance & nursing 
care; they will have their hours of recreation as well as 
of employment & study: they will be taught the usual 
branches of an Englivsh education, such as reading, writing, 
arithmetic & geography; and, in addition, it is contem- 
plated to teach the girls house-keeping, sewing & knitting 
and eventually spinning & weaving — and the boys farming. 
Every indulgence will be showed to them that is consistent 
with the encouragement of industry & the maintenance of 
discipline. The particular rules for the government of the 
school & family will be cheerfully submitted to all who 
may wish to ascertain their nature. 

RiCRD F. Cable. 

Dec. 14th 1830 

The daj'-school will be opened on Monday the 20tli inst. 

Addressed: " John La we Esq. Present." 
Boyd, III: 135.] 



CADLE TO LOUIS GRIGNON. 

Dec. 29th 1830. 

Dr Sir, — I take the liberty of sending to you a letter ad- 
dressed to Mr Powell;' which I should be very much obliged 
to you to forward to him whenever a convenient opportunity 
should occur. 

As you expressed a wish yesterday for your son Pierre 
to remain a short time at the School, may I request the 



'Capt. William Powell, fur trader.— Ed. 



458 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

favour, if you still have such wish, of your calling previ- 
ously in order to my submitting to you the rules that have 
been adopted for the regulation of the School? 

I remain truly Yrs, 

RiCHO F. Cable. 

L. Orignon, Esq, 
[G. L. P., XXVI: 43.] 



TO P. B. GRIGNON. 

May 18th 1831 

Dear sir, I have been happy in receiving your note of 

this day & with it an accession of a Menominee pupil. I 

will take good care of him, & must solicit you to keep his 

father in the good disposition towards this School which 

he now has. 

I rem"- Respectfy- & truly Yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 
P. B. Orignon Esq. 

[G. L. P., XXVII: 32.] 



BILL AGAINST LAWE. 

John Lawe 

To Richd F. Cadle, Dr 

$ cts 

For tuition of Maria Law from July 15, 1830 to Nov. 10 1830 2.30 

" " Mary Lawe " " 2.30 

" " Rebecca Lawe " " 2.88 

" '' Jane Lawe " " 2.30 

" " David Lawe 16, " 2.88 



$12.66 
(E. E.) 2.03 



Green Bay Feb. 17, 1831. 



$10.63 



Cr. By 1 quartr Lamb $1.03 

4 chickens 1.00 



B2.03 



Green Bay June Sth 1831. 

Received payment in full of the above account. 

RiCHD F. Cable. 
[Unbound MSS.] 



1 83 1.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 459 

TO LAWE. 

Sep. 3d- 1831 

Dear Sir, — It would be a satisfaction to myself if you 
could examine the position of the stakes on the line be- 
tween your lot & the Mission Lot — on a part of which I 
wish to put up a fence. The workmen have commenced 
this day, but will not build the line fence till next week, & 
before they begin I hope you may be able to visit the 
grounds, so that you may be satisfied that no mistake is 

committed. 

I rem° Respy- & truly yrs. 

R. F. Cadle. 

To John Lawe Esq., Present. 
Indorsed: "No answer." 
[G. L. P., XXVIII: 20.] 



AN APPEAL TO GOTHAM.' 
Green Bay Mission. 
A special Agent of the Domestic and Foreign Mission- 
ary Society established by the General Committee of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, is now in this city, deputed 

' In the annual report of the directors of the D. & F. M. Society, presented 
in October, 1832, and published in the Proceedings of the Society for that 
year (pp. 21 et seq.), the directors say that their "confidence in the indi- 
viduals to whom the management of the enterprise [the Green Bay mis- 
sion] has been committed, continues undiminished," and there is "indis- 
putable evidence * * * that much good has already been accomplished 
through the instrumentality of this benevolent undertaking;" nevertheless, 
"during the preceding year, this Mission has been to the Board a cause of 
painful and unceasing anxiety * * * solely from considerations con- 
cerned with the pecuniary concerns of this branch of the Society's opera- 
tions." A public meeting of Episcopalians in New York was held in Christ 
church, in that city, in April, 1831, whereat it was recommended that the 
Green Bay Mission be taken under the " special and permanent patronage " 
of the diocese of New York, by supplying the Society "with the neces- 
sary funds to carry it on." The rector of each parish, with laymen, 
were directed to "solicit subscriptions and donations" for the purpose. 
Subsequently, the convention of New York, led by Bishop Onderdonk, 
took steps to make this movement effectual. The meeting here called, was 
to take part therein. — Ed. 



460 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. XIV 

for the purpose of presenting to the friends of the church 
the extreme necessity of prompt and liberal efforts to sustain 
the Green Bay Mission, and prevent its immediate and total 
Jailure. In this emergency the Board of Agents of the 
Green Bay Mission, in this city, propose to have a meet- 
ing of such as are willing to step forward in aid of this 
important mission, and relieve it from its present great 
and perilous embarrassment, in Christ Church, this evening, 
{Monday, Oct. 81,) at 7 o'clock, when the Agent will state 
the actual situation of the mission. The attendance of all 
persons, friendly to the object, is particularly solicited. 
Great dependence has been placed by the society on the 
promise given to it of the support of that mission in this 
diocese. That dependence was fully justified. And it is 
to be hoped that the friends of the mission in New York 
will not be backward in meeting the reasonable expecta- 
tions of the society. 

Signed in behalf of the Board of Agents 

Benjn. T. Onderdonk, 

Chairman. 
B. L. Wolley, Secretary pro tern. 
New York, Oct. 31, 1831. 
{New York American, Oct. 31, 1831.] 



1 



SHALL THE SOCIETY BE INCORPORATED? 

Dec. 28. 1831. 
Dear Sir, — May I submit the subject of the inclosed 
paper to you, & solicit your opinion in relate to it? It is 
a copy of an extract of a letter from the Cor. Sec. of the 
Missy- Socy- reed, by the last mail. 

Respy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cadle. 

Addressed: " H. S. Baird, Esq." 

[Enclosed in the foregoing.] 
Report to a Come- of the Ezece- Come, on the subject of a charter of 
Incorporation for the Socv- 

" That they are sensibly struck with the statements of 
Mr Cadle shewing the necesity of something of the kind. 



1831.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 461 

The evil complained of is, the uncertain hold which the 
Institution at Green Bay has upon the Indian children. It 
seems that after children are received, fed, clothed, & 
partially instructed, the parents are apt to claim & take 
them away. This is a state of things not to be endured, 
for by it the labours & expenditure of the Society may be 
entirely disappointed. The remedy, as Mr C. supposes, is 
to be found in our Soc^- having a corporate character, so 
that the indentures which the parents may enter into with the 
Soc^- may have a binding force at law. There are two modes 
of obtaining charters in Penna. One under a general law 
through the medium of the supreme court which is out of 
question here, because under it only citizens of Penn^i- can 
be incorporated. The other mode is by direct application 
to the Legislature, a mode which your Come, in view of 
failure of somewhat analogous applications do not recom- 
mend. Besides no charter granted by our Legislature can 
have extra-territorial force per se. Of the Michigan Terr^- 
laws we are ignorant & can say nothing. 

The Com®- have at present nothing further to offer than 
a recommendat°- that the Rev. Mr C. be written to & be 
requested to take legal advice in the Terr^- as to the best 
plan of avoids- the evil complained of. " 

[Unbound MSS.] 



Dec. 29 

Dear Sir, — I had the pleasure of receive- last even§^- 
your observat^- on a subject laid before you, & am much 
obliged to you for the ready attention which you have paid 
to it. May I take the liberty of inquiring, as I myself am 
very ignorant on these topics, if there would be no incon- 
veniencies resulting from the incorporate- of the G. B. 
Miss"- while the Parent Soc^- is unincorporated ? Might 
not the agents of the Soc^- here, if disposed, act more in- 
dependently of the home authority than would be proper ? 
Could the just power of the Board at Philad^- be exercised 
in the removal of an unworthy Missy- as freely as at present? 



462 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

May I also solicit the express"- of your opinion on the 
question — whether the difficulties in the way of giving 
sufficient power to the Miss>- from the circumstance of the 
non-incorporat"- of the Miss>- Soc. may not be obviated by 
caus*^- the children to be indented to the Sup^- as an indi- 
vkhial & to his assigns? Ot whether there is any object"- 
to this course which has been pursued in several instances? 

And further, Is there not a penalt}^ attached to the act 
of indue*- indented children to remove from a Miss> Sphool 
that is incorporated; which advantage would be wanting in 
any other mode of removing the difficulties complained of? 

RespectfJ- & truly 3'rs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Addressed: " H. S. Baird, Esq., Present." 
Indorsed: "R. F. Cadle, Deer. 29, 1S3L" 
[Unbound MSS.] 



SUBSCRIPTION ACKNOWLEDGED. 

Received of H. S. Baird five dollars being the sum affixed 
to his name on a subscription paper for an Organ belong- 
ing to the wardens and Vestry of Christ Church G. B. 
which subscription paper is lost. 

J. V. SUYDAM. 
May 24th 1S;« 
[Unbound MSS.] 



A NOTE OF REGRETS. 

July 4th. 1832. 

Genln — I have just rec^- the invitation with which you 
have honoured me. It would have given me great pleas- 
ure to have been able to accept it; but I am prevented by 
sickness in the Miss"- Family, as well as bj' some other 
cares. I remain. Respectf> Yrs. 

Jx'obt. Inrin Jr 1 R. F. CadLE. 

iS". C. Stambau}jh 
Jos. Dickinson Y Esq*- 
Chas JT. Brush. I 
Chas I'uUcr j 

{Unbound MSS.] 



1832.] GKKKN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 463 

A DEDUCTION REQUESTED. 

Gkkkn Bay July lOH'- 1832. 

Gentm — I respectfy- make known to you my impres- 
sions that it is not unreasonable for some deduction to be 
allowed by you from the amount promised to be paid, in 
consequence of the failure to complete the attached build- 
ing of 80 ft by 20 ft before last winter. As an Individ'- I 
am not interested in this matter, but as I am act^- for the 
Gen'- Miss>- Soc*- of the P. E. Church, I may hereafter be 
censured if I should not urge this subject on your consid- 
eration. I am constrained to believe that the Miss"- Schl- 
sustained some injury by reason of the want of accommo- 
dations; & certainly the Miss"- Family were subject''- from 
that cau.se to no little inconvenience. It was my desire to 
retire from the service in which I am now engaged before 
the conclus"- of the contract of June 1831, & I was anxious 
that a portion of the Build*<«- should be finished before last 
winter, so that together with the trouble connected with 
the erection of additional buildings, I might have the grati- 
fication of seeing the extension of the Board'^- vSch' before 
my departure. But for this hope, I should, I think, have 
hesitated about entering into a build«- agreement. And this 
agreement was hastened as much as possible by myself, in 
order that opportunity might be afforded to one of the con- 
tractors to proceed to the Riv. St Clair for lumber, of 
which a deficiency was apprehended. At the same time I 
candidly acknowledge that the passage way connect*^' the 
two attached build^'* is better executed & that the cupola is 
more expensively & beautifully finished than I had expected ; 
& that in general your work has been most satisfactorily 
performed. 

I proceed to state my opinion respecting the amount to 

be deducted after a considerat"- of all circumstances; viz, 

in my judgment it ought to be a hundred dollars. If this 

opinion should not be approved of, I am will«- to submit 

the question to almost any person immediately & to abide 

by his decision. Respectfy- submitt'^ 

R. F. Cadle. 
MeHHTH. Geo. M. WilHams and John Smith. 

[G. L. P., XXIX: 09.] 



464 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

MORE TIME WANTED. 

Green Bay Septr 20th 1832, 
Dear Sir, — If by reason of present pecuniary difBcul- 
ties pressing upon this Mission you should be disposed to 
indulge me with a longer period for the settlement of the 
accts. between us, it would be a great obligation ; & in such 
a case I readily engage to delay no longer than is abso- 
lutely necessary. It is my purpose to write by the next 
mail to the Exece. Committee, & to solicit from them im- 
mediate informatn. whether I can safely draw for the 
amt. of yr account; & should you be pleased to wait until 
an answer can reach me from Philada. you would confer 

upon me no ordinary favour. 

I remain. 

With respect &c yrs, 

R. F. Cadle. 
John Laio Esq. 
[Unbound MSS.] 



A BLACK HAWK WAR WAIF. 

Green Bay, Febt. 22d. 1833. 

Dear Sir, — The following is a copy of the letter of Col. 
Stambaugh to me in relation to the little Sac girl whom he 
placed in the school under my care. ^ I have understood that 
It was supposed that both her father & mother were dead. 
It would be very gratifying to me if she could be per- 
mitted to remain at this Mission until Col. S. 's consent to 
her removal should be given, as he felt so much interest 
in her as to adopt her, & expressed the hope of seeing 
her at this school on his return from Arkansas. She will 
receive here the kindest care; and unless actually demanded 
by her relatives may perhaps be allowed to remain for a 

' Col. S. C. Stambaugh, former Indian agent at Green Bay, headed a 
belated mixed expedition of Menomonees and whites against the Sacs un- 
der Black Hawk, in the summer of 1832. See Wis. Hist. Colls., xii> 
pp. 266 et seq.— Ed. 



1832.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 465 

short period at least. I should feel under great obliga- 
tions to you, if the favour now solicited could be granted,. 

I remain 

Respectfy- & truly Your's, 

RiCHO F. Cadle. 
Col. George Boyd. 
U. S.Ind. Agent at 
Oreen Bay. 

{Copy.) 

" Geeen Bay, Sept. 3rd. 1832. 

"Dear Sir, — In accordance with the understanding had 
" between us in private conversation, I send you the little 
" Sac girl taken prisoner by the Menominees on our late 
" expedition, and presented by the chiefs to me. I have 
" adopted & named her after my wife — Anna Stambaugh. 

" I feel an entire assurance, in placing this little orphan 
" under your care, that I not only secure for her an atten- 
" tive & able moral & intellectual Preceptor, but also a kind 
" guardian, who will watch and direct her conduct with 
" parental solicitude. The circumstances under which she 
"was taken prisoner give Genl- Scott, now commanding 
" the U. S. Army on this frontier, the power of demanding 
" her as a prisoner of War : and should he make such a de- 
" mand, after being informed of how she is now situated, 
" (which I cannot believe he will do) you will, of course, 
" surrender her into the hands of the Indian Agent here, 
" Col. Boyd, who will, I presume, be authorized to receive 
" & send her to the Commanding General. But on no other 
" demand will you permit her to leave the Mission, until 
" she is returned to me. 

" A letter from the Secretary of War, announcing my ap- 
" pointment to a post remote from this place, obliges me 
" to go down the Lakes in the vessel now in port. I may 
" perhaps be absent eighteen months or two years. I will 
" pay to the Mission your price, Thirty Dollo.rs a year, 
"while she remains. Col. Boyd has kindly offered to ex- 
" tend to her all the favour & charity on behalf of the Gov- 
" ernment, which his duties as the official guardian of the 
30 



466 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

" Indians of this region will permit. I will advise with & 
" instruct him respecting her clothing & other matters con- 
" nected with her establishment at your school : and you 
" can draw upon him or Col. Robert Irwin, my agents, for 
" the amount of her tuition & boarding for one year, at the 
" end of six months. 

" I am, dear Sir, in 

" great haste, with much 
" respect & esteem, 
" truly yr friend & obed*- serv*- 
" (signed) S. C. Stambaugh 
"i?ev. i?. F. Cadle. 
" Supt. F. & D. Missn. Soc.'" 

" P. S. If the terms I propose are satisfactory to you, 
" please inform me. 

"(signed) S. C. S." 
[Boyd, IV: 66.] 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOVERNMENT AID. 

Feb. 26tli. 1833. 
Dear Sir, — I have just received your communications, 
& feel greatly indebted to you. I prepared yesterday a 
short statemt. of the amt. of aid reed, by this Missn. from 
the Genl. Govt, which I am this day engaged in copying in 
order to be submitted to you.^ I will call and shew it to 
you to morrow. 

Respectfy- & truly Yours, 

R. F. Cadle. 
Col. Geo. Boyd. 
[Boyd, IV: 67.] 

' During the fiscal year ending Oct. 13, 1832, the D. & F. M. Society had 
received for the Green Bay mission, $2,000 from the general government; 
aid from New York state amounting to $4,399.53, and from other sources 
$611.14.— Ed. 



'^^33'] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 467 

A DEATH IN THE SCHOOL,. 

March 21st. 1833. 
Dear Sir, — I regret that a death has lately occurred at 
the Mission. The child that has recently died was the son 
of Mr- Gardepier of this settlement. I was not apprehen- 
sive of danger until about a day before the fatal termina- 
tion of his sickness. I think it will be necessary to bury 
him this afternoon : his funeral will take place this day at 
3 oclock P. M. The travelling is so bad that I can hardly 
request your attendance, tho' it would be gratifying. 

I am Respect^- & truly yrs, 

RiCHD- F. Cadle. 
Col. Boyd. 

£Boyd, IV: 69.] 



A TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. 

March 22(i. 1833. 
Dear Sir, — I have so far complied with the request of 
Mr. Ellis as to prepare a rough draught of a constit°- for 
a Temperance & Reform SocJ- but, previously to sending 
it to him, I am anxious to submit it to you. Will you do 
me the favour of reading it & expressing your views re- 
specting it? I should be happy to know what alterations 
or additions you would approve of. I will not give you 
the trouble of writing but will call in a short time. 

Respectfy- & truly Your's, 

RiCRD F. Cable. 

Col. Boyd. 
[Boyd, IV: 70.] 



CAPTIOUS CRITICISM OF CADLE. 

April 27tb. 1833. 

Dear Sir, — I return the books which you lent to me & 
am much indebted to you for their use. 

I have understood that my presence at the Indian Coun- 
cil held at the Agency in July 1831 & signing my name as 
a witness have been objected to. Previously to my receiv- 
ing such information, I had not a thought that I acted im- 



468 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

properly in so doing. Would you be willing to give me a 
statement in writing of your understanding of the matter 
signed; & of Col. Stambaugh's views, if you recollect hear- 
ing them expressed, in inviting me to attend? Such a 
statement, with permission to use it, I should regard as a 
very great favour. 

I am Respectfy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Addressed: " Henry S. Baird, Esq., Present.'' 
[Unbound MSS.] 



WHAT BAIRD THINKS OP IT. 
[Baird's draft of his reply.] 

Dear Sir, — I received your note of the 27th inst. and 
owe you an apology for having so long delayed an answer 
to it. 

You inform me that " your presence at the Indian coun- 
cil held at the Agency house in July 1831 & signing your 
name as a witness have been objected to " — and ask " if 
1 would be willing to give you a statement in writing of 
my understanding of the matter signed; & of Col. Stam- 
baugh's views, if I heard them expressed, in inviting you 
to attend " — With cheerfulness I comply with your request 
and give you all the information within my knowledge rel- 
ative to the matter. On the day previous to the council, 
Col. Stambaugh sent by his interpreter a general invita- 
tion to the citizens of the Bay, to attend the council on the 
following day. Such invitations are at all time customary 
at Indian councils — On the occasion alluded to, special in- 
vitations were sent to several of Col. S's friends — I believe 
you received one. At the council most of the citizens & 
several oflBlcers of the Army attended; many from motives 
of curiosity — few or none at all from interest or feelings 
unfriendly to either of the parties concerned in a long ex- 
isting controversy — having received an invitation I at- 
tended. Upon the opening of the council Col. S. addressed 
the Indians upon matters relative to their treaty with the- 



^^33-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 469 

government — And after an answer thereto from the men- 
ominee chiefs, an instrument was presented to, and signed 
by, them, which was witnessed by all or most of the citi- 
zens present — I heard the paper read, but do not now 
recollect what were its contents — I believe, however, that 
it was an assent, on the part of the Menominees to certain 
modifications & additions made to the treaty between them 
the Gov. of the U. S. & the N. Y. Indians. This was the 
view which I entertained at the time & still do of that in- 
strument — If there was any other matter contained therein, 
I am not aware of it — With regard to Col. S's. views in 
inviting you to attend the council — I considered it as a 
mark of respect, in addition to which I would remark that 
he in his speech to the Indians made an allusion to the 
Green Bay mission of which you were superintendent — 
& recommended to the Menominee Indians to send their 
children to it, for instruction and education — I am under 
the impression, that Col. S. also made a remark, in my 
presence, either previous to or at the council that he wished 
you to be present, as he had addressed or wished to ad- 
dress the Indians relative to the mission school — 

I cannot conceive how any person can think there was 
any impropriety in your attending the council — It has at 
all times been customary for ail citizens to attend similar 
conventions. That there was any intention of enlisting 
the feelings of the spectators in favor of either tribe, I 
am not aware; I attended under no such impression — And 
I do not hesitate to assert, that your motive in attending, 
was of the most disinterested nature. Any person enter- 
taining views unfavorable to you, or objecting to your 
presence, on that day, must be actuated by unfriendly feel- 
ings and entirely ignorant of your character & conduct. — 
If the practice of every moral & religious duty — and an 
upright & impartial deportment, should exempt a man 
from the tongue of calumny & detraction, I believe you 
should be clear of its effects. It affords me much pleasure 
in bearing witness to your impartial conduct, since my ac- 
quaintance with you — I presume that any thing which 



470 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

I can say will be of little benefit to you. Should you deem 
however, this statement of any avail you are at perfect 
liberty to use it in any ivay you may deem proper. In con- 
clusion, Dear Sir, to remark, that I much regret to hear 
your determination to withdraw from the superintendence 
of the G. B. mission. That institution which you have so 
long managed with so much satisfaction to the inhabitants, 
will severely feel your loss — I sincerely believe that every 
citizen will deeply regret your departure from amongst 
us — and all unite in fervent hopes for your temporal wel- 
fare & eternal happiness. Believe me, Sir, with much 
esteem & respect your sincere friend. H. S. B. 

[Unbound MSS.] 



TO LAWE. 

May 20th. 1833. 
Dear Sir, — May I take the liberty of writing a few lines 
to you on the subject respecting which I conversed with 
you a short time ago; viz, the exertion of your influence to 
induce the parents of the children now at the Mission to be 
satisfied with the continuance of their children at this 
school after my departure from it? Another Superintend*- 
will no doubt be appointed this summer; & no change has 
taken place in the management of the school, which is still 
under the direction of the Geni- Miss^- Socy- of the P. E. 
Church. The Bishop of New York has recommended this 
Mission recently to the .patronage of that Diocese, & my 
solicitude respect^- its pecuniary difiiculties has been lat- 
terly much relieved. I withdraw from the superintendance 
from perfect exhaustion by its many cares & perplexities, 
& from the expediency of my publicly defending it from 
the secret accusations of a few unprincipled men. When 
I shall be separated from it, I can speak & write more 
plainly & more regardless of consequences which will then 
affect myself alone. I should be happy to make any ar- 
rangement in my power that would meet the views & wishes 
of the parents that have committed their children to this 



l833-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 471 

school, whom I have sought to satisfy by attention to the 

health, Improvement & comfort of their children dur^- the 

period of my residence at Green Bay. These objects I will 

provide for before my retirement from the Mission. I feel 

greatly interested in its prosperity, & should deeply lament 

if my withdrawal from it proved the slightest occasion of 

injury to it. On my own account I am anxious that no 

children should be removed; and if, as opportunity may be 

given, you would use your influence to prevail upon their 

parents to allow them to remain, you would confer upon 

me a great favour. 

I remain 

Respectfy- & trul3'' your's 

RiCH° F. Cable. 

Hon. John Law e. Present. 
[Unbound MSS.] 



REASONS FOR RESIGNING. 

May 27th. 1833. 
(Private.) 

Dear Sir, — Unless I should receive this week very unex- 
pected intelligence & such as would absolutely constrain me 
to continue at the Mission, I propose to retire from it on the 
1*^* of June next, on which day four years of service will have 
been completed by me.' I regret to be under the neces- 
sity of leaving this school before the arrival of another 
superintendent; but I have sought to procure the appoint- 
ment of one — & it has at length become necessary for 
me to vindicate the Mission and myself publicly, & in 
order to do so without restraint I think that I must leave 
it. Reparation is due to me from New York, & while such 
is the case I do not feel able to act as Sup* I am also in- 
vincibly reluctant to contract any further pecuniary obli- 
gations, & greatly desirous of obtaining a station where I 
shall not be exposed to the unjust attacks to which I have 

' See ante, p. 412, note, showing that he had sent to the D. & F. M. 
Society a letter of resignation dated June 16, 18.32, but had been induced 
to continue. — Ed. 



472 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. XIV. 

been subjected. I am under many obligations to you for 
your kindness to myself, & your interest in the welfare 
of this school; and now respectfully & earnestly solicit a 
continuance of your good offices in its behalf. I am deeply 
grateful for the aid extended to this Mission by the War 
Dep*- in its time of want & danger. For what you was 
pleased to write to Mr. Herring ' with regard to my remain- 
ing at the Mission I am thankful ; but the ordinary cares & 
anxieties of overseeing it, in addition to the considerations 
mentioned above, induce in me a strong desire for a re- 
moval from it. At the first opportunity that offers I will 
shew you the necessity of my appearing before the public 
& of exhibiting the true character of the Rev. Eleazer 
Williams, of whose injuries to myself & the, Mission I 
have convincing proof. '^ If redress should be given to 
me soon: I have written to D"" Rudd that I should be con- 
tent that my letters be not published. And did I not hope 
to receive reparation from N. Y. I should be compelled to 
seek it at the hands of a civil tribunal. I shall request the 
Editor of the Gospel Messenger (D"" Rudd) to send a copy 
of each number containing my letters, in the event of their 
publication, to the Sec^'- of War, to whom on private & pub- 
lic accounts I feel bound to submit my answer to what has 
been said to the prejudice of this Mission. I hope he will 
not think I have taken too great a liberty. May I enquire 
if I can procure at the Agency a copy of Col. Stambaugh's 
address to the Menominees July IS^i^ 1831? As some preju- 
dice has been excited against me in consequence of my at- 
tending at his request at the Agency on that day, and as I 
subsequently wrote in terms of commendation of particular 
passages in his address, I should be grateful to obtain a 
copy in order to the justification of my expressions of 
praise. Those expressions I should repeat if necessary 
for undoubtedly the advice he gave to the Indians, to which 
I referred, was most salutary. Further — This Mission was 

' E. Herring, commissioner of Indian affairs. — Ed. 

2 See ante, p. 424, for Dr. Kemper's opinion of Williams. — Ed. 



l833-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 473 

designed peculiarly for the benefit of the Menominees, and 
I have exerted myself considerably to prevail on them to 
send their children to it for instruction. On the eve of 
leaving it, it would be some satisfaction to me to have 
their testimony respecting the manner in which I have dis- 
charged my duties to them. And now having finished writ- 
ing what relates to my public affairs, allow me to thank 
you for your hospitable offer to my sister & myself. If we 
are not at liberty to avail ourselves of it, we are truly sen- 
sible of the kindness which dictated it. I could be no 
where else more happy: but I may remain at Green Bay 
for several weeks, & hence I cannot think of troubling you. 
Possibly I may leave it in a week or two, but probably I 
shall stay for a longer time, & until I can form some plan 
for the future. But while I linger here, it will afford me 
the greatest gratification to visit you as frequently as shall 
be in my power. I will call on you this week to converse 
with you on the topics of the former part of this letter. 
I am Respectfy- & truly your's, 

RiCRO F. Cadlb. 
Col. George Boyd, Agency House. 

[Boyd, IV: 72.] 



LACK OF INDIAN APPRECIATION. 

Green Bay June ISth. 1833. 
Dear Sir, — Will you excuse my asking at this time the 
great favour (for the welfare of this institution is an object 
deeply interesting to me) of your recommendation, to such 
an extent as your judgment may approve of & in such a 
manner as you may deem most expedient, of this school to 
the Menominees who will be assembled here on the 20'^'*- 
inst. ? Would not his Exc^- Gov. Porter be willing to ad- 
vise them to send their children to it for instruction? 
When I think of the large donations of the War Dep*- to 
this establishment, I cannot but regret that so few full-blood 
Menominee children have been committed to it. A good 



474 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

opportunity will soon be presented for directing the atten- 
tion of the people of this Tribe to this subject; & my 
gratitude would be great if, not thinking my request to be 
unreasonable, you could comply with it. 

I remain Respectfy- & truly, Yours, 

RiCH°' F. Cadle. 
Col. George Boyd, U. S. I. A. at O. B. 

P. S. The Gov''- mentioned to me yesterday that he 
would attend the examination of the Miss°- school. I 
should feel much honoured if you should be able to be 
present at it — It will commence at 9 o'clock this morning. 

Respv- & truly yrs. 



[Boyd, IV: 73.] 



R. F. C. 



AID FROM WAR DEPARTMENT. 

[Private.) 

G. B. July Uth 1833. 

Dear Sir, — I write a few lines hastily to you, expect^- 
to leave to morrow morn*^- in the Steam Boat. Accept my 
cordial thinks for all yr kindness. May I particularly re- 
quest you will visit the Miss°- as often as you can in my ab- 
sence, & may I commend my sister to your care? If from 
any cause she should find the Miss*^- House an unpleas*- res- 
idence, would you do me the great favour to receive her as 
one of yr family till my return? I write this without con- 
sulting her. I am in hopes of return^- in Sepf- 

In a letter of the Secy- ,of the Miss°- Soc^- dated June \2^^^- 
last is the follow^- sentence — "Mr. N. " (Nicklin) "had 
" several interviews with Sec^- Cass & succeeded in procur- 
" ing -11500. with the promise of more so soon as cer- 
"tificate of the expense of the Soc^- incurred by the erec- 
" tion of additi- build^^- in /31 & /32. shall have been rec<^- 
" by the War Dep*- from the Ind. Agent at G. B. " I have 
taken the liberty of copying the foregoing as I shall not 
have the pleasure of seeing you again, & I submit it with 
the greatest respect. May I not indulge the hope of hear- 
ing from you while I am absent? Should you ever write 



1 833- J GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 475 

will you please direct to the care of Rev. M""- Van Pelt ^ 
Philad^- ? I will transmit to you a copy of the expenses of 
builds- from Detroit if possible. I regret that I cannot 
wait upon Black Hawk.- Be pleased to remember me to 
M*"^ & Miss Boyd, to whom I now bid farewell & to all your 
family. Excuse this letter, & believe me 

Very Respectfy- & truly Your's 

RiCH^- F. Cadle. 
Col. George Boyd. 
[Boyd, IV: 74.] 



STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES. 

Mission Buildings Erected in 1830. 
A mission house of 40 ft by 30 ft. 2 stories high, with 
an attached building of 30 ft. by 18 ft., 17 1-2 stories high: 
a school house of 30 ft. by 20 ft. 1 story high. Log sta- 
ble — drain — 2 out-houses —well & scuttle work. 

Particulars. 
Digging cellar and drain $40.00 

Laying foundation of Missa H. & piers of school & wall 

[& cellar 221.00 

Contract for carpenter work of Missn H. & back builds 2000.00 

" school 320.00 

For 19000 bricks 111.66 

Plastering Missn buildg 437.85 

Additl stone — counte bricks — laying addit' piers — 

laying hearths — & laying bricks 115.10 

prepare stone for chimney of schoolhouse 1.50 

Extra work before completion of carpenter contracts 

viz. 3 inside doors — a stoop of 30 ft. by SJ-^ ft. 

partitn around stairs of 2d floor of back builds 

a garret stairs — 2 garret windows. 1 additl windw 

in school h. 66.50 

Boardg round piers of school house 3.00 

' See ante, p. 295, note 2. 

^ In April, 1833, Black Hawk and his fellow prisoners were taken from 
Jefferson Barracks (St. Louis) to Washington, thence to Fortress Monroe, 
where they were incarcerated until June 4; a tour was then made through 
the eastern cities, the party returning to Fort Armstrong (Rock Island) 
Aug. 1. — Ed. 



Kji;fl3«»i¥ii*«i„ 



HKTCmTcAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 



Boxes for drain 

Garret floor 

ceiling round the garret 

2 out-houses 

Shelving 5 closets 

Finishing 1 pantry 

Permanent desks and benches for schoolhouse 

Drawing bricks 

Log stable 

Iron $5. $i.93. $1.31. $10.35. 

Making 11 bars 

well 

Scuttle work — applied in 1831 

Mission Buildings erected in 1831-3. 

Barn & Shed —former 40 ft. by 30 ft. latter 30 ft. by 20 ft. 

Baking & washing House — 30 ft. by 20 ft. — 1 story high — accor- 
ding to contract, include some appurtenances for 
baking & washing, $393.50: 2 extra windows $5.00: 
crane 81 cents, 

Mission House 50 ft. by 30 ft., 2 stories high, with a back 
building 80 -ft. by 2 stories high — piazza & wash- 
room, 

Drain 

New well — platform for first well — &2 out-houses 

School house of 30 ft. by 20 ft. 

75 rods board fence & 6 gates. 
Fence of Burying ground 

Val. of 136 acres, or about that no , of lot No . 18, quit- 
claimed by Mr. Porlier 



12.50 
13.00 

8.00 
18.00 

5.00 

2.00 
30.00 
2i.00 
15.00 
21.59 

2.00 
19.50 

3.50 



.70 

00 



399.31 



4400. 

39. 

84. 

321. 



$5644.91 

125.50 

36.00 

400.00 

$6206.41 
3490.70 

11 



Improvements of 1830 



New York Augt 3d 1833. 
Dear Sir, — The foregoing is, according to the best of 
my knowledge an accurate statement of the expenditures 
of the D. & F. Miss* soc. of the P. E. Ch. at Green Bay 
in land, buildings & improvements. 

Kespectfy- submitf*- 

RiCHD F. Cable. 

€ol. Geo. Boyd, U. S. I. A. at O. B. 



iS-'S-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 477 

{Private.) 

N. Y. Aug. 3d 1833, 

Dear Sir,— I hope that yourself and family have been 
well since I had the pleasure of seeing you. My mother's 
family I had the gratification of finding in good health. At 
last I have prepared a statement of the builds- expenses at 
G. B. I had thought of doing it at Detroit, but I could not 
conveniently make the copy till my arrival in N. Y. I 
reached this place yesterday morning, & have not as yet 
made any calls. On the 6th inst I expect to go to Philad^- 
At detroit I saw the Gov. I think it is probable that I 
shall set out on my return to G. B. in the course of this 
month. As yet I have formed no plans for my future 
course, but will doubtless make some arrangements after 
a conference with the com:— I hope that you will be able 
to visit my sister sometimes. Be pleased to give my re- 
spects to M^s- Boyd — to Miss Boyd — Mr. William & all 

your family, 

I remain, Respectfy- & truly yrs. 

RichdF. Cable. 

Col. Boyd, G. B. 

Addressed: " Col. George Boyd, U. S. Ind. Agent at Green Bay, M. T." 

[Unbound MSS.] 



[Letter mutilated ; probable words or parts of words missing, in brackets.] 

Philadelphia Aug. 9tb. 1833. 
Dear Sir,— I took the liberty of forwarding to you from 
N. Y. on the 3^ inst. a statement of the expenditures of 
the D. & F. Missy- Soc^- of the P. E. Ch : at Green Bay on 
account of Buildings and improvements amounting [to] 
$9697.11. Since my arrival here [I havje under[st]ood that 
the War Dep^- will not [take] into [con si] deration the sum 
pd for the claim [of Mr.] Porlier being $400.00, nor for 
fences being $161.50. The whole amount therefore paid 
by the Missy- So[cy- for bu]ildings [is] $9135.61 : viz, $3490.70 
for the first Mis[s'^- bui]ldings — and $5644.91 for the build- 
ings of 1831 & 1[832.] The items of these accounts will 



478 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

soon be in your hands; & for all of them I obtained receipts 
from the contractors, which receipts are now in the posses- 
sion of the Exec : Com. Your certificate with regard to the 
buildings of 1831 & 1832 is, I believe, especially requested 
by the Com : and if my assurance as to those expenditures 
is of any avail I hereby give it. Additional assurance might 
be procured at G. B. if requisite: for instance the contract 
for the Mission H. for 14400.00 was made with Mc Williams 
& Smith, both of whom are at the Bay— for the Barn & 
Shed for $400.00 with W. Dickinson -for the Baking & 
washing House for $393.50 with the Messrs Irwins — for 2 
extra windows with do — for a crane = 81 cents, I think, 
with the Mess'-^^ Irwins — for schoolhouse for 1321.67 with 

D. Whitney, being part of sum pd him — for chain for 
139.07 — viz $10.00 to L. Boudoin Oct. 12, 1831 — to do 
$6.00 Dec. 3. 1831 -to D. Whitney for plank $8.82 March 
21. 1832 — for one load of stone $1.25 and make- boxes & 
hauling planks $10.00 to Mess^-^ Irwins Feb. 4. 1832 — and 
$3.00 to D. Whitney May 17. 1832 for 3 perches of stone - 
for new well, 2 platforms, & outhouse pd Messrs Irwins 
Aug. 10. 1832 $73.26 — for another outhouse $11.60 pd to 

E. Hart Aug. 6. 1831. 

For [all of tjhese sums I have long since certif[ied] & 
indeed [sum torn out] in addition, the val. of 2 caldrons 
perm[anently] fixed in the Wash House; but which are n[ot 
injcluded in the statement given [to] you, [but are re-] 
ported to the Miss^'- Soc^'- under the [head] of mer[chan-] 
dise. If you should feel at lib[erty] to give [a] certificate 
respect^- the buildings [as] above described, the interests 
of the Mission would be promoted, & the SocJ- would, I am 
confident, be under great obligations to you. Mr Nicklin, 
who has acted for the Soc^- at Washington, will sail for 
England on the 20tb of next month; & were it possible for 
your certificate, should you favour the Com: with one, to 
reach Washington previously, I believe that there would 
be no delay on the part of the War Dept- to grant to the 
Miss>- Soc>- a considerable allowance on the account of 
the expenses of buildings. With great thankfulness for 



l834-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 479 

all past kindnesses, and, with my respects to M" Boyd, to 
Miss Boyd, & all your family 

I remain, 

RespectfJ- & truly your's. 

Rich" F. Cable. 

Col. George Boyd, U. S. I. A. at O. B. 
[Boyd, IV: 75.] 



A DAY OF THANKSGIVING. 

Dec. 18th. 1833. 
Dear Sir, — Having omitted giving notice on Sunday 
last of the appointment of a day of Thanksgiving, I take 
the liberty of writing that there will be morn^- service to 
morrow at the Miss"- School house — that being the day set 
apart by the civil author^- of the Terr^- as a day of Thanks- 
giv- 

On Monday next, the 28<i- inst. there will be an examina- 
tion of the Mission School commencing at 9 o'clock, A. M: 
& if yourself & family can conveniently attend, I should 
feel under great obligations to you. 

I am Respectfy- & truly Yrs, 

R. P. Cadle. 
Col. Boyd 

[Boyd, IV: 78.] 

TO BAIRD. 

Green Bay Jany. 14th. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — I write this private note to solicit that, in 
case you should not be pledged otherwise, you would un- 
dertake my defence or that of this Mission in the event of a 
public defence being necessary.' 

I remain Respectfy- & truly Your's, 

RiCHD- F. Cadle. 

Henry S. Baird Esq. Present. 
[Unbound MSS.] 

' See ante, p. 419, note 3, for statement of the violent attack on Cadle. 
made by enemies of the mission because of the whipping and haii'-cropping 
by his assistants, the night of Dec. 24, 1833, of eleven of the pupils who 
had been riotous. This incident gave rise to a long and bitter contro- 
versy, which greatly injured the mission. — Ed. 



480 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

Jany. 20. /34. 
Dear Sir, — May I trouble you with the inquiry as to the 
powers given by the statutes of the Terry- or the Common 
Law to masters of apprentices & Teachers of children? If 
in the kind or degree of punishment lately authorized by 
me I have exceeded just limits, I must be content to bear 
the reproach; but if I have not, it is right that the re- 
proach should rest elsewhere. I wish to attach yr opinion 
on this subject to a report to the Soc^- which report may 
possibly be published by them. Excuse me for the trouble 
which I am asking at your hands. 

I am Respy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cadle. 

H. S. Baird Esq. 
[Unbound MSS.] 



CALLED TO RECTORSHIP OF TRINITY. 



Trinity Church. 

The services of the Episcopal Church, have been per 
formed in this Village, with slight intermissions, once on 
each Lord's day, by the Superintendent of the Green Bay 
Mission School, for nearly a year. About two months 
since, a Congregation was organized here, under the above 
name, and Wardens and Vestrymen chosen. 

The Executive Committee of the Domestic and Foreign 
Missionary Society of the P. E. Church of the U. S. was 
applied to in August last, for aid in the ministration of the 
Gospel, and in reply, passed a resolution constituting Na- 
varino one of their Missionary stations, and appropriating 
$250 for the support of the Missionary for the first year: 
in addition to which, a sum amounting to nearly $220 was 
raised for the support of such Missionary, by private sub- 
scriptions in this Village. No Missionary having yet 
been appointed for this station by the Committee, the fol- 
lowing Resolution was passed at a late Meeting of the 
Wardens and Vestrymen. 

"RESOLVED, That the thanks of the Wardens and 
Vestrymen of Trinity Church, Navarino, be respectfully 



I 



i834.] 



GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 



481 



presented to the Rev. Rich'd P. Cadle for his gratuitous 
services to this congregation for the past season, and that 
he be invited to take the Rectorship of said Church. " 
[Green Bay Intelligencer, Jan, 22, 1834.] 



ASSISTANCE ACKNOWLEDGED. 



The undersigned thankfully 
of the following sums, in order 
of the Green Bay Mission. 



acknowledges the payment 
to the reduction of the Tax 









Rich'd F. Cadle, 








Superintend't. 


Green Bay Jan. 27, 


1834. 




D. Whitney 






Six dollars. 


L. Groom 






Five ' ' 


J. M'Carty 






Two " 


J. W". Coiiroe 






Two " 


H, Minuse 






Two " 


J. Lawe 






Three ' ' 


H. S. Baird 






One " 


J. Redline 






One 


C. M'Williama 






One 


D. Ward 






One 


Mr. Eberts 






One " 


Mr. Caldwell 






Twentyfive cents 


Mr. Matthews 






Fifty cents. 


N. Perry 






Fifty cents. 


[Intelligencer, Feb. 


5, 


1834.] 





baird's influence sought. 

Green Bay, Feby- 3(1. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — I expect to retire from all care of the Mis- 
sion on Wednesday next, the 5th inst. at 11 o'clock A. M., 
-and I am desirous of stating to such of my friends as may 
favour me with their attendance at the Mission at that time 
the reasons which have led me to such a course. I would be 
be very happy if it should be in your power & in that of 
I your father to be present. I am greatly indebted to you 



482 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

for the letter with which you recently favoured me in an- 
swer to a note of inquiry on my part. May 1 solicit an- 
other favour? It is that you would act as legal advisor of 
the Mission during the period of my sister's remaining in 
that establishment & until the arrival of a Sup*- Some 
efforts will perhaps be made by the evil-disposed to remove 
children boarding at the Mission. You have influence with 
the French inhabitants, and when influence will avail it is 
a better instrument to employ than authority & power. If 
there should arise cases rendering a resort to legal meas- 
ures probable, may I request that the indentures be well 
examined previously? I am aware that I am asking you to 
undertake an office that may be something troublesome, 
but I trust that you will not refuse my request. May I be 
allowed further to say that I have the fullest confidence that 
the Exec. Com: will render satisfactory compensation for 
any trouble, to which you may in consequence be subjected? 
I rem°- Kespectfy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Addressed: " Henry S. Baird, Esq., Present." 
Indorsed: " R. F. Cadle, 3 Feby, 1834." 
[Unbound MSS.] 



COMPLAINT OF ILLEGAL TREATMENT. 

{Confidential.) 

Feb. 27. 1834. 

Dear Sir, — I wrote sometime ago to the Governor respecting 
the illegal treatment received by me & soliciting from him such 
reparation as ivas in his poiver to give to me. 

A copy of this letter I will shew you by the first con- 
venient opportunity. 

I think it proper to communicate this fact to you, while 
I request that it may not be mentioned by you. 

I remain Respy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Col. Boyd. 
[Boyd, IV: 82.] 



1 834-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 485 

TO BAIRD. 

G. B. March 7tii. 1834. 

Dear Sir, — Accompanying this note by the hands of Mr 
Groom is a report of the Proceedings before Lewis [Louis] 
Grignon. I should be deeply indebted to you, if after ex- 
amining- it, you would certify (in such terms as you think 
proper) that it is a substantially accurate report. 

May I consult you on the propriety of obtaining affidavits 
from the assist*^- contradict^- false statem**- in the last num- 
ber of the Intelligencer? — & also whether, if the state- 
ments ' can be proved to be false, I could not prosecute the 
writer for slander — &, if I can whether it would be ex- 
ped*- to do so? I do not wish to trouble you to prepare a 
written communicat°- on these points; but I should be much 
obliged to you to consider them; &, should you be in this 
neighbourhood within a few days, if you would verbally 
give me your opinion it would be a great favour. 

I am Respectfy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Addressed: "Henry S. Baird Esq., Present." 
[Unbound MSS.] 



March 15th. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — It was my intention when I saw you yes- 
terday to publish an extend^- article in the Intelligencer, 
& hence I took the liberty of troubling you to call on me. 
I have for a reason, which I will disclose to you, concluded 
to defer the publication of it at this place at least for the 
present. I have however prepared a short note for publi- 
cation. I write these few lines in explanation of my not 
acting as I gave you reason to expect I would act ; & at an 
early convenient time I will mention the cause which has 
led me io delay the publication of my reply. 

I am Respectfy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Addressed: " H. S. Baird Esq., Present." 
[Unbound MSS.] 

1 A communication in the Intelligencer for March 5, signed "Orion," 
and dated " Navarino, Feb. 25, 1834." See ante, p. 419, note 3. — Ed. 



484 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

TO BOYD. 

G. B. March 15th. 1834. 

Bear Sir, — After the trouble which you took on my ac- 
count yesterday, I feel bound to mention to you before my 
departure for the Grand Kakaiin the course which I have 
decided on pursuing. I have restrained my strongest feel- 
ings & kept back the extended vindication of the Mission 
■which I had prepared. But something seemed to be required 
of me at this present time: & I have just sent to M^-' Ellis a 
brief note for publication. > This note is to the f ollow^- ef- 
fect. I promise in due time to prove the author signed 
Orion a calumniator; & state that I have asked of the 
Soc^- the benefit of a trial ; request"- them to deal with me 
accord^- to the rigour of the ecclesiastical laws to which I 
am subject if the charges of Orion should be substantially 
proved to be true, or, if shewn to be false, that they will 
publish his name as a slanderer. This is the substance of 
my note for the Intelligencer. 

I am Respectfy- and truly Yrs, 

R. F. Cadle. 

Col. Boyd. 
[Boyd, IV: 83.] 



Monday March 31st. 1834 
Dear Sir, — I received a note from you yesterday on my 
return from Duck Creek, and will attend to it this day. 
Excuse me for having neglected the matter to which it 
refers. 

It seems to me desirable that the corporation of Christ 
Church Menomineeville should not become extinct; and as 
this is the day appointed by its constitution for the elec- 
tion of officers I have thought it expedient to give notice 
that there will be a meeting for such purpose at my room 



' Published in the Intelligencer for March 19. See ante, p. 420.— Ed. 



1 834-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 485 

at 10 o'clock p. M. this day. Should it be in your power 
to be present, I should be greatly gratified.' 

Respectfy- & truly yrs, 
. Col. Boyd. R. F. Cable. 

[Boyd, IV: 86.] 



CABLE'S SELF-SACRIFICE. 

Miss. Rooms, Philada 15th July 1834: 
Messrs. Boyd Baird & Irwin 

Gentlemen, — Your communication of the 20*^ Ultima- 
was duly received and laid before the Exec. Com : with all 
possible despatch 

At a meeting of that body held on the 14*1^ Inst, the fol- 
lowing minute was unanimously adopted 

" Whereas The Revr**- Mr Cadle did by letter, dated Jan- 
uary 15**^ 1833 in consideration of the peculiar embariss- 
ments of the Green Bay Mission at that time, relinquish 
to the Society, for the benefit of that Mission, his salary 
due from the 1**^- of June 1832 to the above date, viz the 
sum of 1250 and also his claim upon the Soc. for $278.36 
as a donation. And whereas he also stated to the Exec. 
Com: at, or about that time, that it was his wish not to 
receive any thing further for whatever services it might be 
in his power to render to the mission, & in agreement with 
which wish he has not drawn for any Salary from the above 
date of June 1832. — And Whereas the Exec. Com. by a 
resolution adopted in March 1833 declined the acceptation of 
the Revr^- Mr Cadle 's donation & requested him to draw 
at that time for the sum of '$528. 36i which he has not done: 
and whereas there appears to be due the Revr^- M""- Cadle, 
for Salary from July IS^^^- 1833 to June the 1^^. 1834 _ the 
time of his resignation the additional sum of $550. 

Resolved. That The Revr^- M"* Cadle. in consideration 
of the facts stated in a communication of June 20*^ 1834 
from Col°- G. Boyd, Henry S. Baird & Alex^- J. Irvine a 
committee of Christ Church Green Bay Ought to draw upon 

' A similar note to Baird is in possession of the Society. — Ed. 



486 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

the Treasurer of the Society for at least the whole amount 
of his Salary viz. for |800., which he is hereby authorised 
to do. The aforesaid sum of $278.36 being of itself a liberal 
donation from M"" Cadle to this Mission. " 

I have this day written to Mr Cadle requesting him to 
gratify the Exec: Com. by acting without delay in accord- 
ance with their opinion & wishes as above expressed. 

Very Respecy- 

Peter Van Pelt Sec : 

3Iess7's. Boyd, Baird & Irwin Com: of the Wardens & Vestry 

of Christ Ch. Gr. Bay 
[Boyd, IV: 90.] 



TO meet MILNOR and KEMPER. 

July 17th. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — Will you please excuse my sister & myself 
this day, as we are not at liberty? The Gent™- arrived at 
the Mission are the Rev. Dr. Milnor & the Rev. Dr. Kem- 
per — who are distinguished, able & excellent men. I hope 
it will be in your power to call on them. They will stay 
several days — I will visit Duck Creek.' 

Yrs Respy- & truly 
Col. Boyd R. F. Cadle. 

[Boyd, IV: 91.] 



AN INVITATION ACCEPTED. 

July 24. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — It will give the Rev. D^- Milnor & the Rev. 
D""- Kemper great pleasure to accept the invitation to your 
house to morrow, — if — in consequence of an engagement 
previously made to visit the Grand Kakalin on that day — 
they could take the liberty of asking you to appoint the 
hour of dinner at 1 o'clock.^ My sister & myself will be 
very happy to accompany them. 

With great respect & truth, lam Yrs, 
Col. Boyd. R- F. Cadle. 

[Boyd, IV: 92.] 

^ The D. &, F. M. Society conducted another mission there. — Ed. 
2 See ante, p. 415.— Ed. 



l834-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 487 

GOVERNMENT AID ASSURED. 

Department of War 

Office Indian Affairs. 

July 28. 1834. 

Sir, — Your letter of the SOt^Ult: has been received. 
The provision made for the education of the New York 
Indians, in the treaty with the Chippewas Menomonees and 
Winnebagoes of 11th of August 1827, appears to be sufB- 
cient to render an application of a part of the Civilisation 
Fund for this object unnecessary. 

The 5th Article of that treaty provides, that the sum of 
Fifteen hundred dollars shall be annually thereafter appro- 
priated as long as Congress thinks proper, for the educa- 
tion of the children of the tribes, parties hereto, and of the 
New York Indians. 

It is true that the 5th Article of the treaty with the Men- 
omonees of 8th Feby. 1834 provides for an addition to this 
annuity of Five hundred dollars, and for the application of 
the whole sum to the education of the children of the Men- 
omonee Indians. As the Chippewas, Winnebagoes & New 
York Indians were not parties to this treaty, no construc- 
tion can be given to this provision, which shall deprive 
them of the benefits, conferred by the treaty of Butte des 
Mortes. 

In selecting children therefore, to be educated at M""- 
Cadles School, under the letter from this office of Inst, 
and whose education is to be charged upon the annuity of 
Fifteen hundred dollars for this year, you will be at lib- 
erty to take children of either and all the tribes or bands. 
The object of the Oneida petition will probably be satis- 
factorily accomplished in this way. 

The rule of distribution in ordinary cases w6uld be the 
ratio of the numbers of those tribes. But you will con- 
sider that the Menomonees the last year received the ex- 
clusive benefit of this fund. 

As the schools are to be supported in the Nation, after 
the present year, it is desirable that the annuity should be 



488 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. XIV. 

regarded and used as a common fund. It will thus become 
a source of common interests and views. 

Very Respectfully Your Obt. Servt 

W. Ward 
ForE. Herring, Com. 

Col George Boyd, Green Bay 31. Tv- 
[Boyd, IV: 93.] 

A PAMPHLET ATTACK. 

Duck Creek Aug. 25th. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — I have just heard from my sister that the 
pamphlet of Jos. Dickinson has been published. I have 
not seen it; but may I earnestly ask you to examine it 
closely, so as to inform me on my arrival at Green Bay 
whether or not I can prosecute him for slander? Will you 
oblige me by attending to this request? It is my expecta- 
tion to be at the Bay this week — &, if I can prosecute him, 
I should like to do it immediately while the court is in ses- 
sion. You need not write to me, as I trust shortly to see 

you. 

I am Respectfy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cadle. 
H. S. Baird, Esq., Green Bay. 
[Unbound MSS.] 



AFFAIRS AT DUCK CREEK MISSION. 
[Letter mutilated; probable words or parts of words missing, in brackets.] 

Duck Creek, Sept. 2d 1834. 
Dear Sir, — I take the liberty of sending to you from 
this seat of science & refinement^ a late publication re- 
specting China & one or two Museums which I hope will 

' On finally resigning from the superintendency of the Green Bay mission, 
Cadle for a time took charge of that to the Oneidas, at Duck Creek. After- 
wards he became chaplain at Forts Winnebago and Crawford, and in 1841 
the superior at Nashotah House. He died at Seaford, Del., in 1857, aged 
60 years. He was of a family of ten children, none of whom married, and 
all are now dead; his sister Mary, the last of the family, died in New York, 
in October, 1896, aged 88.— Ed. 



1 834-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 489 

be interesting. I also -forward M^ Ellis' letter respect- 
ing Prickett's opposition to the Mission in 1831 for your 
private perusal. You was correct in speaking of it as 
occuring at Philad^-: I had been under the impression 
from the place the letter was written from that M^" Boyd 
& Ml" Van Pelt had visited the Menominees at Washing- 
ton. Prickett had had two children, Elizabeth & Tal- 
bot, boarding at the Mission from Oct. 25. 1829 to Sept. 
25. 18^0; and two other children who attended as day- 
scholars for a short time. No charge was ever made to 
him. Perhaps it is not correct to say that I dismissed his 
children ; for I wished them to stay if he had been willing 
to allow the[m to remain] without taking them home so 
frequently as he did. If he insisted on taking them, I told 
him I could not continue the charge of them. My reason 
was, tho' I did not assign it, that I had no confidence in 
the good ordering of Prickett's house, & that the evil there 
learned by his children would neutralise the good they 
might acquire at school. He was violent & abusive; and 
like various other foolish persons seemed to think he was 
doing me a great favour in sending his children to the 
Mission. I refer to this matter only to give you correct 
information respecting- it, & not with any wish to injure 
Mr Prickett — whom I have long since forgiven & who is 
not worthy of being my adversary. 

I find that nine Oneidas have died in one week beginning 
Aug. 25th. last. 

1. Isaac Case, Aug. 25 — taken sick near the Brick yard opposite 

Mr Arndt's — & died on the road 3 miles from the ferry. 

2. George Doxtater, Aug. 26 — died on the road near Beaverdam. 

3. Thomas Reed, Aug. 27 — died near the Brick yard. 

4. William Hotchkiss, Aug. 27 — died soon after returns- from G. Bay. 

5. John Powlis, Aug. 27 — died soon after returng- from G. Bay 

6. Mrs Margaret Smith, Aug. 27. 

7. Anthony Swamp, Aug. 29. died soon after returns- from G. Bay. 

8. Aug 31. Mrs Susan Order. 

9. Sept. 1. Mrs Sally Powlis. 

All the men were intemperate; one of the females was 
so to the last; another had been so till within a month; 



- 

490 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

the last mentioned [two or three words torn off] character, 
Doxtater was taken sick on the road & left alone — his wife 
& child hurried to him as soon as they were informed of 
his state — & remain^- with him without other aid while he 
was in a dying condition. He expired the next morning. 
Mj's Smith was attacked at day light & died at two o'clock 
in the afternoon of the same day. I have visit^- some of 
the sick & requested the Oneidas to inform me if any are 
attacked that I may go to see them as their minister. Dr. 
Worrell^ was here yesterday, & will come out again today; 
but so far as my knowledge goes there are not many cases 
at present. In addif^- to intemperance imprudence in diet 
seems to be a cause of this distress^- mortality. On Sunday 
last I had the advantage of having a good interpreter & 
one of good character — and I preached on the subject of 
drunkenness — & urged the Oneidas never to go to Green 
Bay but when business required their presence there & to 
leave it as soon as possible — to join the Temperance So- 
ciety & to keep their promises — that it was vain for them 
to say they were tempted to drink — that they must as 
christians resist temptation & that they ought to keep out 
of the way of temptation. In the even^- of Sunday I mar- 
ried a couple — about 50 Oneidas surround^- the door yard. 

I renewed yesterday my attention to the school, but I 
have no hopes that I can do much good — I consider chiefly 
in opening it the fulfilment of a promise. 

With my respects to M""* & Miss Boyd, 

I am Respy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cadle. 
Col. Geo. Boyd. 
;[Boyd, IV: 95.] 



CADLE TO ELLIS. 

Green Bay Oct. 22d. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — I reply to your favor of the 13*1^ inst — & 
^ill leave this note in the expectation that you will visit 

1 See ante, p. 441, note 3.— Ed. 



; l834-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 



491 



this place before a long time. I am deeply obliged to you — 
to Mrs Whitney for her kind offers — & to M^^ Doty ; but 
I trust that you will consider, if I should be unable to com- 
ply with your request, that the reason will be the peculiar- 
ity of my position before the public. I could have lived 
very happily at Navarino if no difficulties had occurred to 
me. The Orjeida chiefs did not meet on the day they had 
informed me they would meet: they met on the 16*^^ inst. 
& after wards called on me, requested me to remain at 
Duck Creek, & stated that they could give me $300. a year. 
As yet I have not returned an answer to this proposition, 
& with regard to it have asked the favour of a few days for 
deliberation. I will write to you again as soon as I can 
decide. I do not certainly know where I shall labour dur- 
ing the winter. Be pleased to mention my obligations to 
jV[r8 "Whitney, for whose kind invitation I shall ever be 

thankful. 

I am Respectfy- & truly yrs. 



A. G. Ellis, Esq., Navarino. 
[MS. loaned by E. H. Ellis.] 



R. F. Cable. 



CABLE vs. LOUIS GRIGNON. 

Green Bay Nov. 15, 1834. 
Dear Sir, — It is my wish to put into the hands of the 
Standing Committee of the Episcopal Church in Michigan 
a copy of my letter to Gov. Porter of last winter in refer- 
ence to Lewis Grignon & such proof as will sustain my 
statement. I have not the slightest inclination to attempt 
interfering with Mr Grignon's appointment, & desire only 
the possession by my superiors of evidence in support of 
my letter. Should you be disposed to give me however 
briefly a reply to a few inquiries, I would feel under great 
obligations to you, & would limit myself in the use of your 
answer as you might see proper to direct. 



492 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

The following are the questions which I respectfully sub- 
mit to you — 

1. Was not the warrant against myself & the assist^*- of 
the Mission informal? 

2. Was the name of any adult prosecutor endorsed on it 
until you required it to be done? 

3. Did L. Grignon allow the defendants to shew on cross 
examination the fault of the complainants? 

4. Did he allow the defendants to shew the fault of the 
complain^''- by the witnesses of the complainants? 

5. Was not his reason for this last refusal — that no one 
was bound to criminate himself? 

6. Did he not keep the minutes of the evidence in one of 
the cases in the French language? 

7. Did he nob express an opinion before the service of 
the warrant unfavourable to some of the defendants? 

8. During the examination did he shew an eagerness to 
effect the object of the prosecutor? 

I do not solicit you to take the trouble of preparing a 
long communication in reply; & I regret to be under the 
necessity of asking my friends (& one of these I am grate- 
ful that you are) to take any further trouble in my case. 
And I repeat that I am , now seeking only such testimony 
as will make good my statement of last winter. If you 
would give me the benefit of your's, I will shew to you my 
communication in full before I transmit it to Detroit. 

I remain Respy- & truly yrs, 

R. F. Cable. 

Addressed: " Henry S. Baird, Esq., Present." 
[Unbound MSS.] 



TO BOYD. 

Duck Creek, Dec. 8tl>. 1834. 
Dear Sir, — I was spoken to some weeks ago by Judge 
Arndt in relation to the case of two orphan children now 
experiencing his protection & which he is desirous of plac- 
ing at the Mission. They are quarter-Chippewas; and, as 



l835-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 4Q3 

I presume, Mr. Brown' is unable from his instructions to 
admit them at present among the number supported by 
the Society, it has occurred to me that possibly they might 
be sent to our school at Green Bay in the list of Govern- 
ment-pupils. If this disposal of them could be made, it 
would be very gratifying to my feelings; though I have 
never seen the children referred to, for whom I am inter- 
ested solely in consequence of their state of bereavement. 
I am Respectfy- & truly Your's, 

Richie F. Cadle. 

Col. Qeorge Bojjd, U. S. Ind. Agent at Oreen Bay. 
[Boyd, IV: 99.] 



Duck Creek Feb. 28tii 183.5. 
Dear Sir, — I again trouble you with a note & package; 
but I thought that M"^ Ward's kind letter to me required a 
prompt reply, & I have therefore attempted one today — 
which I submit to you. If you think there is any part of 
it that is objectionable, I hope you will retain the letter 
till I go in to Green Bay, & I will write a new one. If you 
approve of it, would it be too much trouble for you to seal 
it & have it put into the Post office? I really am very 
sorry thus to heap communication upon communication; 
but what is necessary to be done I like to do at once, & I 
would wish not to write to Washington without your ac- 
quaintance with all that I write. 

I am Respy- & truly Yrs. 

R. F. Cadle. 

Col. Geo. Boyd, Agency llouae. 
;[Boyd, IV: 103.] 



Navarino. Oct. 14th. 1835. 
Dear Sir, — Since I last saw you I have been constantly 
weighing in my mind the question whether on my own account 

• Rev. Daniel E. Brown, who succeeded Cadle as superintendent of the 
Green Bay mission. — Ed, 



494 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xlv. 

& that of the congregation of Christ Church it would be ad- 
visable for me to stay here or go below. As it regards myself 
the conclusion to which I have come is, that it would be best 
for me to remove from Navarino. I must therefore throw 
myself on the generosity of those members of the Vestry 
who had expressed themselves as ready to invite me to re- 
main & to whom I had signified my willingness to do so, — 
and solicit from them a release from my informal engage- 
ment. I hope that you will not think me very capricious. 
I believe that no additional member of the Vestry has 
returned to Green Bay since last week, & I presume that 
there could be no meeting of that body to morrow; but I 
am not authorized to say to you that that proposed meeting 
is adjourned. 

With great respect & truth I am yrs, 

RiCHD F. Cadle. 
Col. George Boyd, Agency House. 

[Boyd, IV: 115.] 



BROWN TO GRIGNON. 

Mission Buildings Green Bay 

Jany 6th 1836 

Sir, — The Boy you mention left here on the second day 
of the vacation with his mother who came for him & he 
has not yet returned, you probably are aware that during 
the vacation all the children are permitted to visit their 
parents it was under this regulation that Mr Suydam let 
him go on the solicitation of his mother he has been much 
affected with his eyes and our Physician has said it was a 
scroffulous aifection we have exhausted all our knowledge 
in trying to relieve him but in vain 

his time will expire on the 8^^ of March next but could 
you do any thing to restore his sight I should feel it a duty 
to let you take him now for with his eyes in their condi- 
tion he would not be able to attend school — he is naturally 
a bright boy & could he have his sight & an opportunity 



^^37-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 495 

he would I think make good improvement but unless his 
eyes are soon relieved I fear he will become blind 

hoping you will be able to 

administer to his relief I 

remain Sir Your very 

obedient humble servant 

Daniel E Brown Superintendent^ 

Louis Grignon Esqr 
[G. L. P., XXXVII: 3.] 



BROWN TO BOYD. 

Mission Buildings G B 

June 17th 1837 
Coll. Geo Boyd 

Dear Sir, — It is with much gratification that I learn 
your reappointment to your old Station & tender you my 
hearty congratulation upon the event 

Our Semi Annual Examination will take place on Tues- 
day of next week at 10 oclock A. M. will you be kind 

' The mission family at this time consisted, according to the annual report 
for 1836, of the domestic committee of the D. & F. M. Society, of Rev. Daniel 
E. Brown, superintendent; J. G. Knapp, S. B. Sherwood, Mrs. Brown, 
Miss Sarah Crawford, and Miss Susan Crawford, assistants. April 4, 1836, 
there were "61 scholars in the mission school — 34 boys and 27 girls. Of 
these, 34 are Menomonees, 7 Chippewas, 3 Osages, 2 Delawares, 10 Oneidas, 
1 Knisteneux, 1 Stockbridge, 1 Brothertown, and 2 whites. Thirty-one 
children of the number, received into the School by the Rev. Mr, Cadle, 
remain. In less than two years, all the boys, and a great proportion of 
the girls, will have left the Mission, by the expiration of their time." Seven 
of these scholars are supported by individuals; five, at the rate of fifteen 
dollars per annum, and two pay thirty dollars per annum. During the past 
year two boys have absconded from the School, and twelve other children 
have left the mission, by the expiration of their indentures. One of these, 
a Menomonee girl, fourteen years old, in the opinion of Mr. Brown, had 
experienced the renewing influence of the grace of God. She had been 
baptized by him, and admitted to the Communion. Mr. Brown observes: 
" If she could have remained with us two years longer, with her knowledge 
of the Menomonee language, she would have made an invaluable teach 
among them." — Ed. 



496 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

enough to attend as the Gov^- Agent if compatible with 
your other duties. 

Respectfully & affectionately 
Your Obt Servant 

Daniel E Brown Superintendent 

i[Unbound MSS.] 



CADLE TO BOYD. 

New York, Augt. 25th. 1837. 
Dear Sir, — Though I am about writing a few lines to 
you, yet I must promise in candour that I have nothing in- 
teresting to communicate. The newspapers give gloomy 
representations of the state of the country; but, in this city 
there is at least an appearance of life & business. This 
business, I suppose, must be confined to cash & retail. 
Specie is a trafficking article instead of being a circulating 
medium. Bank notes are called rags, but they seem to be 
available for all the purposes for which money is used ex- 
cept at the Post office counter. The labouring classes I be- 
lieve suffer much & will probably suffer more for a year to 
come. I fear that a great cause of the asserted general dis- 
tress is — the wild spirit of speculation and extravagance in 
living which has prevailed for some time past -encouraged 
by the action of the general administration in removing 
the public deposits from the late U. S. Bank & in requir- 
ing certain specific payments to be made in specie. By the 
first measure the 80 deposit banks were excited and stimu- 
lated to large issues of paper, & by the latter that paper 
became depreciated. The foreign debt must be paid; & the 
banks having too much sail when the storm came on, 
thought it prudent to shut their ballast in till the storm 
should blow over. I question the honesty of suspending 
payment, while there is money in the purse; & think that 
the universalitvof suspension alone saves those institutions 
from shame & ruin. Nor can I allow the propriety of 
such suspensions being sanctioned by law, which is noth- 
In- more nor less than an impairing of the obligation of 



l837-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 497 

contracts. In the next congress I hope there will be wis- 
dom & strength enough to put down locofocoism, to keep 
from new experiments, to revive the U. S. Bank, and to 
raise our prostrate credit on its legs again. 

Since my arrival here in the latter part of June I have 
spent some days at Hudson & its vicinity, & visited Goshen 
from which I had been absent seventeen years. I have 
preached four or five Sundays at Fort Hamilton, Long 
Island, & am contemplating a visit to Salem, New Jersey, 
where I was once settled. My mother & sisters are in 
pretty good health. I have made no application as yet for 
any particular station, but presume that I shall do so in 
the course of next month.' I hope that you & your family 
have enjoyed good health. Having been commissioned to 
get the Plat of Nee-sho-to lithographed & authorized to 
name the streets, I thought it best to give the names in 
general of gentlemen at Green Bay to the streets of that 
town. If you should perceive on that plat the name of 
"Boyd Street," I trust it will be some inducement to pur- 
chase lots on it. And I hope that the other gentlemen 
named will feel the force of this consideration.- As it is 
four years since my last visit to N. Y. I see changes in 
persons & things. The city has greatly improved & be- 
come enlarged, and all the neighbouring places indicate 

' Feb. 15, 1836, Cadle had been appointed by the D. & F. M. Society as 
missionary to Navarino, where the congregation were still worshiping in 
the public school-house. In the annual report of the domestic committee 
of the society, submitted to the .society at its meeting June 2.5, 1836, it is 
stated that there are eleven communicants at Navarino, and that the ladies 
of the parish had furnished $1,700 towards a church building, the result 
of a fair held in the preceding September. Cadle does not seem to have 
long continued at Navarino, his health being still poor. — Ed. 

-' For the history of Nashotah House, see Morehouse's Some American 
Churctimen (Milwaukee, 1892), chap, ix, and Nanhotah Scholiaat, vol. i. 
The institution was not established until 1841, but this letter shows that 
the project was in embryo four years previous to that. Cadle was the first 
superior at Nashotah, having been invited to become such by Bishop Kem- 
per, in a letter dated Feb. 19, 1841; he was soon succeeded in that oflBceby 
Rev. J. Lloyd Breck.— Ed. 
32 



498 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

a lately increased growth and late prosperity. May it 
soon be renewed. Should you see M"" Irwin, will you take 
the trouble of telling him that, as soon as my course shall 
be determined on, I mean to write to him (if I do not pass 
thro' Green Bay) on the subject of his lost horse. 

Be pleased to give my respects to M^s & Miss Boyd & 
all your family. 

I remain RespectfJ' & truly Your's, 

RiCH° P. Cable. 

Col. George Boyd. Green Bay 
[Boyd, V: 35.] 



BROWN TO GRIGNON. 

Mission Buildings Green Bay 

Sept 4th 1837. 

Dear Sm, — Our Society have resolved to reduce our 
family & with this in view have directed me to retain but 
twenty five children in the Mission to which number I am 
reducing the family as fast as the expiration of the inden- 
tures will enable me 

Our number is now ten above that number which will 
preclude my taking any at present — On behalf of the chil- 
dren I am much grieved that I am prevented from taking 
them & hope you will still persevere in giving them an 
education 

Very respectfully your obt Servant 

Daniel E Brown 

L Grignon Esq 
[G. L. P., XL: 40.] 



TO BOYD. 



Mission Buildings Green Bay 

February 26th 1838 

My Dear Sir, — Your note has just been handed me & 
in answer I would beg leave to say that Mary Fletcher 
was bound to us by indentures executed by her Father and 



1838.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 4Q9 

afterwards at the time af his death (which took place here) 
his last dying words to us were to keep & take care of his 
child 

The Indentures are not yet expired & of course untill 
they are so we wish her to remain with us — the person 
applying has no claim to mary but in my opinion is set on. 

by others as Mary has lately become attached to our Church 

******** 

But to consign her to the hands of this man or even those 
who are putting these measures in operation would be to 
send her directly to the haunts of vice & depravity a meas- 
ure I am confident, my Friend, the Indian Agent, will never 
countenance — 
I will endeavour to see you in a short time on the subject 
I remain Dear Sir your most 
obedient humble servant 
Daniel E Brown 

Superintendent G. B. Miss 

Coll Geo Boyd Indian Agent 

[Boyd, V: 49.] 



MRS. BROV^N TO GRIGNON. 

Green Bay Feb 27 — 1838 
Dear Sir, — most of my patrons are becomeing alarmed 
about the small pox and have taken their children out of 
school on account of their fears & some of them have ad- 
vised me to close my school — which I shall do if no seri- 
ous objections are raised by my patrons. If you have ob- 
jections to the closing of the school, before the quarter 
expires you will please state them to me 

Respectfully &C. Yours 

F. A. Brown' 

L. Grignon Esq 

N. B. I shall charge each scholar for no more time than 
he has attended in case I close now. F. A. B. 

[G. L. P., XLI: 16.] 

1 Wife and assistant of the superintendent. — Ed. 



500 



WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. XIV. 



EDUCATION AMONG ONEIDAS. 

Oneida West April 31 1838 
To Colonel Boyd U. S. ag. Indian affairs 

Dear Sir —We thank you for what you have don for 
our people -and will give you the infermation you ask 
about our school affairs without delay. 

We have about 40 Children in our part of the Oneida na- 
tion capeble to go to school. We have had a school her 
for about five years, the number of schollars has consider- 
ably varied in that time -for the last year the attendance 
at school has been about 20 thirty and 35 in the winter and 
from 10 to fifteen and 20 in the summer Our school is now 
tauo-ht by our missionaries wife but we expect she will be 
relieved in a week or two by a lady from Ohio who is to 

take our school 

Respectfully &c, 

his 
Thomas X Loudwick 
mark 

his 
John X Cooper 

mark 
John Cornelius 
Chiefs of the Orchard party of the Oneida nation 
[Boyd, V: 55.] 



Washington, May 18. 1838. 
My Dear Sir,— The Oneida Treaty was confirmed by 
Senate on Saturday the 12th inst. precisely as it was nego- 
tiated I have had a long and tedious struggle, but have 
succeeded beyond my expectations. I shall leave for home 

on Monday the 21st. 

The Indian Department forwarded to you a letter a few 
days since, making inquiries in regard to the annuities 
which have not been received by the Oneidas for several 
years past. I have had the matter investigated by the De- 
partment and they have decided that the balance due shall 



1838.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 5OI 

be paid, and that it shall continue to be paid hereafter, in 
cash, according to the number which must be certified by 
you as agent before the apportionment is made. As this 
is a matter of some importance to them, and as their num- 
ber at Green Bay will be increased soon by the accession 
of several families from N. York, and as this apportion- 
ment, when once made, will be final, I should consider it a 
great favor. Sir, if you would delay your answer to the 
communication from the Department till I reach Green Bay, 
when I will have an interview with you on the subject. 

Remember me affectionately to your dear family — May 
the choicest blessings of Heaven rest upon you all. 
Yours most truly And in haste 

Solomon Davis.' 

To Col. Geo: Boyd 
[Unbound MSS.] 



A VISIT FROM SECRETARY CARDER. 

Office of Domestic Missions P. E. Ch, 

115 Franklin St. New York 

June 1, 1838. 
Col. George Boyd 

Indian Agent, Green Bay 

Sir, — The Domestic Committee of the Board of Missions 
of the P. E. Church have instructed me to visit their In- 
dian School at Green Bay the present summer and to take 
further measures towards bringing it to a close at no dis- 
tant period. I purpose leaving here about the middle of 
July and being at Green Bay on the first of August. 

As you have an official as well as personal interest in 
the business which calls me to your town, I hope to have 

' Rev. Solomon Davis, of New York, was sent by the D. & F. M. Society 

to minister to the Oneidas of Duck Creek, in the autumn of 1835; but 

owing to the lateness of the season was obliged to winter at Mackinac, 

" where his services were gladly sought by the garrison at that post, and 

several other persons friendly to our Church." — Ed. 



502 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

the pleasure of seeing you at that time and conferring 

with you fully on the subject. 

I am, Sir, 

Very respectfully & truly 

Your obedient servant 

James D. Carder 

Sec. & Gen. Agt, D. C. B. Missions. 
[Boyd, V: 58.] 



WISCONSIN UNIVERSITY OF GREEN BAY. 

Hill Cbekk, August 11th. 1836 
Dear Sir, — I feel much indebted to you for the manner 
in which you was pleased to constitute me the represent- 
ative, in your place, of the Bishop of New York as one 
of the Trustees of the Wisconsin University of Green Bay,' 
I value it chiefly as a proof of your own friendly feelings to- 
wards myself. There was much opposition to the admission 
of proxies, but finally their right to act was allowed. I was 
surprised that M""- Brown thought proper to vote against 
their admission. Perhaps I may leave Green Bay tomor- 
row afternoon, & should you have any communication to 
Tho^- A. Boyd, Esq. I would be very happy to be the 
bearer of it. With my respects & remembrances to Mrs 
Boyd, to Mrs. Hamilton, & all your family, 

I remain With respect & truth, your's, 

RiCH° F. Cable. 
Col. Oeorge Boyd. 

U. S. I. Agency at Green Bay. 
[Boyd, V: 60.] 



CARDER TO BOYD. 

Mission House Green Bay 

August 14 1838 

Dear Sir, — I have directed John Michael Shatzel to find 
his father and bring him to you. 
If his father gives his full and free consent that I should 

'See ante, p. 412, note. — Ed. 



1838. J GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 5O3 

take him with me to the East and find a place for him 

where I could have some oversight over him and he could 

derive some benefit from the name he bears I will take him 

along and do for him the best I can provided it meets your 

entire approbation. John Michael will bring your answer 

to this note. 

I remain Dear Sir 

Very respectfully & truly 

Your friend & servant 

James D. Carder 

Sec. & Gen. Agt D. C. B. M. 

Col. George Boyd U. S. Ai\'t Indian Affairs Oreen Bay. 
[Boyd, V: 61.] 



DAVIS TO BOYD. 

To Col. Oeorge Boyd 

My Dear Sir, — I have only time to inform you by Mr. 

Bread that I will call on you with my report on Tuesday 

the 21st inst. Your kindness will excuse my delinquency, 

I know, as my ill health has prevented an earlier attention 

to your communication. 

Yours Truly 

S. Davis. 

[Unbound MSS.] 



NUMBER OF PUPILS REDUCED. 

Coll. Oeorge Boyd Indian Agent 

Agency Oreen Bay Wisconsin Territory 

Sir, — In presenting you with a Report of this Institu- 
tion for the past year I would beg leave to say, that no al- 
teration has taken place in the buildings, lands, «fe farming 
operations; but all remain in every respect as reported 
last season — 

The number of persons connected with the Mission are 
five (Viz) Daniel E Brown superintendent. Miss Harriette I 



504 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol.xiv. 

Brown Female superintendent; Miss Sarah Crawford 
Teacher, Miss Susan Crawford sempstress, and Mr Edson 
Sherwood Farmer — The two first named persons expect to 
retire on the l^^day of October next, if the approbation of 
the Domestic Committee of the Board of Mission is ob- 
tained by that time 

The number of children who are now connected with the 
Mission are twelve, ten girls & two boys; of these, nine 
girls & one boy are connected with thq Menominee Indians, 
one girl with the Osages, & the other boy with the Stock- 
bridges 

The great reduction in our family was made by the Agent 
of the Domestic Committee in obedience to a Resolution of 
that Committee passed I believe the 27*1^ of May last, & is 
as follows — "Resolved that it is expedient to discontinue 
" the Indian Mission School at Green Bay at the earliest 
"period when it can justly be done — 

Under the above the Agent directed all the children to be 
discharged but the- above mentioned twelve — government 
as well as other, Children; the Mission being only nomi- 
nally in existence at the present time, & which arrange- 
ment is expected to continue but for a very limited period — 

The Amount of disbursements have been for the past 
year about $1,700.00 

The personal property inventoried last season at $471.00 
remained the same untill the S'"'^ of September last, when 
was sold at public auction to the Amount of $261.00 — still 
most of the Farming Utensils & stock was reserved from 
sale — 

The plan of Instruction pursued in the school was, as 
heretofore reported, the branches of a common English 
education (Viz) Reading, writing, arithmetic, grammer, 
geography & history 

Daniel E Brown 

Superintendent 

Mission Buildings Green Bay 

Wisconsin Territory Sept 29tti 1838 
[Unbound MSS.] 



1 838. J GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 505 

CONTRACT TO BUILD HOBART CHURCH. 

This Article of Agreement between Edwin Hart of Green 
Bay in the County of Brown and Territory of Wisconsin of 
the first part and Solomon Davis of Duck Creek, in County 
and Territory aforesaid of the second part, Witnesseth : 
That the said party of the first part for and in consideration 
of the payments herein specified, agrees to build Hobart 
Church ' at Duck Creek aforesaid, in the following style and 
manner, the whole to be finished and completed by the first 
day of September next. The foundation Wall of the Build- 
ing to be of stone laid in Mortar two feet and a half high 
and eighteen inches thick, with the necessary pillars under 
the centre of the building to support the same — The frame 
to be erected thereon to be 34 by 48 feet — The building to 
be eighteen feet high from floor to ceiling. The whole 
building to be sheathed with one inch pine boards rough, 
& covered (except front end) with half inch pine siding, 
planed & well nailed. The roof to be covered with inch 
boards & shingles laid on five inches to the weather. 
The front end of the building to be ceiled with flooring 
boards 4 or 5 inches wide tongued, grooved and blind 
nailed, and the joints put together in white lead, with 
pilasters on each corner of the building according to Mr. 
Barrow's plan. The windoes three on each side and two in 
front to be in plain gothic style as represented in plan by 
Mr. Coon. The interior of the building to be divided ac- 
cording to Barrow's plan, the two front inner doors to be 
finished with pilasters as well as the two doors leading 
from vestry room into chancel. The ends of the slips 
next to the aisles to be pannelled — the doors of the slips to be 
capped and pannelled — the back and front of each slip to be 
capped with suitable book-board and kneeling bench to each. 
The vestry rooms on each side of the Chancel 8 feet square, 
to be well finished lathed & plastered, the floor to be elevated 

' Named for Rt. Rev. John Henry Hobart, bishop of New York, who had 
died in 1830. He was an earnest advocate of church missions. — Ed. 



506 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

level with the chancel floor, with door leading from each 
to a room into the chancel as represented in Barrow's plan. 
There is to be one door in the rear end of the building, 
leading into vestry room, & one window containing 12 
lights 8 X 10 glass, in each of said rooms. The floor of the 
chancel is to be elevated to a suitable distance from the 
floor of the building. The pulpit reading desk altar and 
winding stairs leading into pulpH, to be neatly executed — 
the pulpit to be octagonal in form, and the desk pannelled. 
The chancel to be enclosed with a heavy moulded rail, sup- 
ported with heavy turned bannisters, moulded, with a 
kneeling board around the outside of the base of the ban- 
nisters. The whole to be painted in imitation of Mahog- 
any, & neatly executed. The whole interior of building 
to be furrowed for lathing, and to be plastered with two 
coats of mortar — hard finished. The ceiling to have an 
arch formed each side, starting at a suitable distance from 
the floor, and touching the level ceiling about one third of the 
distance from the ^ide walls on either side, the level ceil- 
ing to recede so as to form a pannel. The beams extend- 
ing across the building are to be raised crowning by means 
of king posts with principal rafters framed into them. The 
tower is to correspond in every respect with the one rep- 
resented in Coon's plan, with green blinds on the four 
sides of the bell story. The bell is to be hung provided it 
is furnished by the first day of September next. The front 
door steps are to be of plank well put together and an- 
swering to representation in Barrow's plan, the same kind 
of door steps to be constructed for small door in rear of 
building. Two brick chimneys of suitable size are to be 
built from each vestry room to top of the rear end of the 
building. The building is to be painted with two coats of 
paint both on the inside & out Should there be any thing 
necessary to be done to the entire finish & completion of the 
said church according to the above mentioned plans which 
is not specified in this article of agreement, the said party 
of the first part hereby binds himself to do the same and 
to do the whole work in a good substantial and workman- 



1838.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 507 

like manner & have the whole completed by the time be- 
fore specified — 

The said party of the second part agrees to furnish all 
the materials necessary to the completion of the said 
Church and to pay to the said party of the first part the 
sum of thirteen hundred and ten dollars. The payment to 
be made as follows viz: The sum of one thousand and 
twenty dollars for framing the building, and doing the car- 
penters and joiners work, the further sum of one hundred 
and seventy five dollars for doing the plastering and mason's 
work; and the further sum of one hundred and fifteen 
dollars for doing the painting glazing &c. It is understood 
and agreed that Messrs Schooley & Allen are to do the 
masonry and painting. Two hundred and fifty dollars of 
the above sum is agreed to be paid to the said party of 
the first part, when the building is framed and raised; and 
the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars is agreed to be 
paid in like manner when the building is enclosed; and the 
remainder is to be paid when the building is finished in 
the manner specified in this article of agreement 

The said party of the first part further agrees to furnish 
and deliver the lime (to be of the best quality) necessary 
to be used in building said church for the further sum of 
Two dollars per barrel — and also to furnish and deliver 
the stone for the said building, if requested to do so by 
the said party of the second part, at the price of six dollars 
per cord — said stone to be measured in the wall after 
being laid. In case of failure on the part of the said party 
of the first part to fulfill any of the stipulations contained 
in this Article of agreement he agrees to forfeit and pay 
unto the said party of the second part the sum of five 
hundred dollars — And the said party of the second part 
binds himself to fulfill or forfeit the same amount. Signed 
sealed and delivered this fifteenth day of May in the year 
one thousand eight hundred and thirty nine at Duck Creek 
aforesaid 

In presence of Edwin Hart 

L. W. Davis Solomon Davis 



508 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

11310.00 

Duck Cbeek W. T. August 15, 1839 
I hereby acknowledge to have received from Solomon 
Davis the sum of thirteen hundred and ten dollars it being^ 
my payment in full on the foregoing contract 

Edwin Hart 
I do certify that the foregoing is a true copy from the 
Original as Witness my hand at Green Bay this 22nd day 
November A. D. 1839 John Last 

[Unbound MSS.] 

BILL FOR CONSTRUCTING HOBART CHURCH. 

Rev. Solomon Davis 

To Edwin Hart Dr 
For Labor performed and expenses incurred in building Ho- 

bart Church at Duck Creek not specified in Contract viz. 
1839 

May 9 To Measuring Lumber 10/ $1.25 

" " " Sticking up do 16/ 2.00 

" 10 " Drawg. Lumber $11 11.00 

" Sticking up do 16/ 2.00 

" Drawg sand & water for wale 3.00 

27 Haulg Nails 8/ Sticking Lumber 8/ 2.00 

June 10 Drawg a Load from Green Bay 24/ 3.00 

Boarding Indiana 2 days 4/ 1.00 

Drawg wood for kiln 8/ 1.00 

Building & tending board kiln 25.00 

July 3 Hauling sand & water for plastering 10.50 

Hauling 3 Loads of Brick 32/ 12.00 

Do 6 Bas. Hair 1.00 

11 days Carps. Work in completing Parsonage 16/ 22.00 

Cash pd. Indians Hewing timber for frame of Church 11.00 

Cash to two Indians for Haulg Timber 10.00 

Provisions furnished do 3.12 

Cash for Labour & boarding Labourer in digging for 

foundation of Church 3.00 

Cash pd two hands cuttg. wood for Board kiln 3.00 

Cash for team to Green Bay including ferriage 4.00 

29 Cash for do 4.00 

30 Cash for do 4.00 
Aug. 13 Cash for do 4.00 

" " Cash for team 3^ day to haul Boards 2.00 

$144.87 



] 839-40-] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 509 

Duck Creek August thirteenth 1839 

$144.87 

I hereby acknowledge to have received from Solomon 
Davis the sum of One hundred and forty four dollars and 
eighty seven cents, in full for the above bill. And I do 
hereby certify that the labor was performed and the ex- 
penses incurred by me as here specified in building Hobart 
Church, for the benefit of the first Christian Party of 

Oneida Indians — 

Edwin Hart. 

I do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true Copy 

from the Original as Witness my hand at Green Bay this 

22nd day of November A. D. 1839. 

John Last. 

[Unbound MSS.] 



ELLIS S ACCOUNT. 

Rector Wardens & Vestrymen of Christ Church, Green Bay. 
To A. G. Ellis Dr. 

The following payments for & on account of said church, 

to-wit 
1836 

Sept. Paid John V. Suydam for moving organ from Mis- 

sion house to Navarino schoolhouse, place of pub- 
lic worship 10.00 
Interest on same 4 years 2.80 
Paid W. W. Matthews for putting up petition in front 

of Organ in said house 12 . 00 

interest on same 4 years 3. 36 

1837 
March Sett of wooden pipes in place of leaden ones which 

had become useless & repairing bellows 12 . 00 

interest on same 3 years i mos. 2 .80 

Sept. Paid John V. Suydam for his interest in organ as 

per Christ Church 30.00 

interest on same 3 years 6 . 30 

Paid John V Suydam for fixtures, benches, win- 
dow tables &c in school house place of worship 37.00 
interest 3 years 7.77 



5IO WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

Apl 10 & 11 Paid Eevd Richard F. Cadle part of his salary as 
rector 170 

Rec.d on subscription list towards same 118.50 



This balance advanced by me 51.50 

interest 3 years 5 mo 11 . 91 

1840 

Sept. Paid O. J. Soper balance of bill for lumber & turning 9.30 

6 yards marine cloth for curtain for organ 4/ 3.00 

Paid Revd. Benj. Eaton on account of his boarding 50.00 



$249.74 
Indorsed: " Copy of A. G. Ellis acct. vs. church " 

[Unbound MSS.] 



LIST OF MISSION CHILDREN. 

Mission House Oct. 2. 1840. 

Col. Boyd Dear Sir, — I send to you again a list of 

the names of the children belonging to this Mission, & 

again ask of you the favour to attend to their annuities. 

We have since the- last year taken two boys belonging to 

the family of Makahtakwaquot, who were formerly bound to 

the Mission but had absconded. Their father brought them 

back last spring & I received them again. 

With great respect I remain dear 

Sir Yours truly Sarah Crawford. 
Col. Boyd 

List of names of Mission Children 

Mowarkeaku "| 

Wapashewon j. • Parents Name 

Piawashe j Makatawakwot 

Sar kar sa war "| 

Ke war te no ku [ Ma ta wue 

Muche ke quar wish j 

Mak CO mi wash ") 

W^^ P""S [ Mak a ta wa kwot 

Wah Misk 



Mah a ta co ne war 

Sewa quo chin )■ Moketchewon 

Indorsed: " Letter from Miss Crawford." 
[Boyd, VI: 77.] 



184 1. J GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 5II 

GOVERNMENT AID RECEIVED. 

Duck Creek, W. T. May 8, 1841. 
Rev & Dear Sir, — I received from Col. Boyd, on the 
4th. inst. the sum of $1500. to be expended in the tuition, 
board & clothing of 10 destitute orphan children now at 
Green Bay Mission. An allowance of $500 a year for three 
years. I have executed to him my bond in the sum of 
13000. that this amount shall be faithfully applied by me 
under the direction of the Dom. Com. of the Board of Mis- 
sions to the object specified. No part of the above sum 
will, therefore, be expended until I receive from you direc- 
tions for disbursing the same. Col. Boyd is certainly en- 
titled to our thanks for this preference and for his uniform 
kindness to us in our Missionary enterprise among the In- 
dians. He has further intimated to me that the next sum 
of $1500, which is soon to come into his hands, shall be 
appropriated in the same way to our School among the 
Oneidas. And you may rest assured this will be done, un- 
less the Department at Washington sees fit to direct to the 
contrary. Inclosed is an extract from Col. Boyd's letter 
to the Sec'ty of War on this subject. 

I remain, Rev. & Dr. Sir, 

Your friend & obt. Servt. 

Solomon Davis. 

Rev. J. Dixon Carder SecHy of Dom. Com. 
of Board of Missions. New York. 
[G. L. P., XLVI: 25.] 



THANKS TO BOYD. 

Church Missions, Domestic Office, 

281 Broadway, New York, 

June 1, 1841, 
Col. George Boyd, 

United States Indian Agent, 

Oreen Bay Agency. W. T. 

Dear Sir, — The Rev. Solomon Davis, superintendent of 
the Green Bay School, has transmitted to this office infor- 
mation of your having paid to him, on the fourth of May 



512 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS. [vol. xiv. 

last, fifteen hundred dollars; to be expended in the tuition, 
board and clothing of ten destitute orphan Children, now 
at the Green Bay Mission, for three years from 1840 to 
1842 inclusive; he having given bonds in twice the amount 
for the faithful disbursement of the same under the direc- 
tion of the Domestic Com.mittee of the Board of Missions of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church. 

The Rev. Mr. Davis has also informed the Committee of 
your intention to appropriate the same amount (now com- 
ing into your hands) for the benefit of the Duck Creek es- 
tablishment, if not otherwise directed by the Indian De- 
partment. 

This information was submitted to the Domestic Com- 
mittee of the Board of Missions at their meeting last even- 
ing. And it affords me very great pleasure to communicate 
to you the following resolutions, then adopted. 

" Resolved That the thanks of this Committee be pre- 
sented to Col. Boyd, United States Indian Agent at Green 
Bay, for the very- just consideration with which he has 
been pleased to regard the Green Bay Mission School in 
the recent application of funds tolt for education purposes. " 

"Resolved That Col. Boyd, United States Indian Agent 

at Green Bay, be very respectfully solicited to carry into 

effect his just and liberal intention of applying the next 

appropriation under the treaty of Butte des Mortes, to the 

Missionary establishment among the Oneidas at Duck 

Creek, W. T. ; and that he be assured that in the opinion of 

this Committee, said establishment is well deserving of aid, 

on account of the great benefits which it is conferring upon 

the Oneidas." 

With high considerations of personal regard, 

I am, dear sir, very respectfully & truly, 

J. Dixon Carder, 

Sec. & Gen. Agt. D. C. B. M. 
Col. George Boyd, 

United States Ind. Agency, 

Green Bay, W. T. 

[Unbound MSS.] 



f 



184I.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 51;^ 

DAVIS REVIEWS THE MISSION'S RECORD. 

Duck Creek W. T. Sept. 16. 18il, 

Dear Sir, — In answer to your communication of the 9tli 
ult. asking for information in regard to the schools under 
my charge I have the honor to report: That our estab- 
lishment at Green Bay, which is a boarding school, and 
confined in its operations to the Menomonees, numbers at 
present Ten children who are being instructed under the 
patronage of the Domestic Committee of the Board of Mis- 
sions of the Protestant Episcopal Church and receiving 
their entire support. One male and two female assistants 
are employed at this station. The Mission farm is pro- 
ductive and contributes largely to the comfort of the family. 
This Mission has, in former years, been one of deep in- 
terest to the Church. It was planted at a time when the 
Indians for whose benefit it was especially intended were 
living near and hovering around it; and hundreds of their 
children have, in years gone by, participated to a greater or 
less degree in its advantages. It is evident, however, that 
the amount of good here accomplished has not been in pro- 
portion to the means employed. By Treaty stipulations the 
Tribe are now removed at a distance of more than sixty 
miles, and can, of course, derive no benefit from the practical 
working of the Establishment — besides it is evident to all 
who are experienced in Indian Missions, that a boarding 
school, however well conducted, is far from being the best 
method of operating beneficially in changing the habits 
and improving the condition of the untutored savage. Of 
this the Domestic Committee of the Board of Missions have 
become fully convinced; under which conviction this Mis- 
sion has been reduced to its present condition with a view 
to its discontinuance, as soon as existing obligations will 
allow this desirable measure to be carried into effect. 

Indolence is the prominent obstacle in the way of the ad- 
vancement of these pupils in the arts of civilized life. Until 
this obstacle is surmounted; until habits of industry are, 
in fact, rivited upon them, no permanent change in their 

33 



514 WISCONSIN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS, [vol. XIV. 

condition can be secured. Their children may be taken 
and educated away.' from the Tribe; a partial benefit to 
themselves may be the result; but, in nine cases out of ten, 
a return to their home brings with it a return to that same 
indolence of mind and body which is characteristic of the 
Indian, and which totally unfits them for usefulness, if it 
does not sink them in degradation below the less enlight- 
ened of their Tribe. I speak from actual experience. In 
every instance where this experiment h,as been tried by'the 
religious body to which I belong it has proved an entire 
failure. I would as soon think of working a permanent 
change upon the character and habits of all the wild beasts 
of the wood, through the instrumentality of some one, or 
half dozen, of each class or kind, who had been caught and 
confined for a season, and then let loose and suffered to go 
unrestrained among their fellows. It is as reasonable, all 
circumstances considered, to expect lasting good to result 
from the one as the other of these causes. 

We need no costly- establishments to prosecute this truly 
benevolent, and to the wasting aboriginees, all important 
work. The more simple the plan of operating, the better; 
and the greater will be the prospect of ultimate success. 
Instead of taking the Indian away from his Tribe and pro- 
viding for his maintainance and support, it is vastly 
more advantageous to go where he is, take him by the 
hand, and lead him gradually on in a practical knowledge 
of the science of taking care of himself, by making his 
own exertions contribute to the comfort of his own fireside, 
and the maintainance of himself and family. This is the 
only way he can be made to eat the fruit of his indus- 
try. Give to a Tribe its minister; its schoolmaster, and its 
farmer; let them be men of entire devotion to their calling, 
and who will seek in every possible way, by example as 
well as precept, to inculcate upon the whole mass of idle- 
ness and sloth, habits of industry as well as the principles 
of morality and religon. With the evident advantage to 
themselves of an effort of this kind they cannot fail of being 
•convinced; they are almost imperceptibly wrought upon; 



1 84 1.] GREEN BAY EPISCOPAL MISSION. 515 

a career of improvement is commenced, which, with those 
who care for them continually in their midst to sustain and 
cheer them on, will lead, by the blessing of God, to the 
most happy results. 

The course here alluded to has been pursued among the 
Oneida Tribe with whom I am more immediately connected, 
with visible good effects. Their Indian customs and pe- 
culiarities after a lapse of Twenty years (during which 
period the present Missionary has been among them) have 
finally been made to disappear, and their advancement in 
civilization is beyond any other Tribe within my knowledge. 
They are become an agricultural people ; most of them hav- 
ing farms under good cultivation, an abundance of stock of 
all kinds, with comfortable dwellings and outbuildings, 
some of the latter having an appearance of neatness and 
elegance not surpassed in many of our country villages. 
They have, also, a church edifice, in good taste, and pos- 
sessing all the requisites for a worshipping assembly. 
Divine service is well attended and everything pertaining 
thereto done " decently & in order. " Nearly One hundred, 
out of a population of Five Hundred souls are professed 
followers of the Lord Jesus Christ and in communion with 
the Protestant Episcopal Church. At the present time we 
have but one school averaging about 30 scholars, who are 
receiving an education in the most necessary branches un- 
der the instruction of one female Teacher. 

I remain, very respectfully, 

Your mo: obt. Serv't, 

Solomon Davis, 

To Col. George Boyd, U. S. I. Agent for 

Menomonee & N. York, Indians. 
[Boyd, VII: 21.] 



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